首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely complex affair. It has often been stated that no multina
(1)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely complex affair. It has often been stated that no multina
admin
2021-08-05
67
问题
(1)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely complex affair. It has often been stated that no multinational corporation possesses the ultimate tax expertise. There are just too many countries and regions involved and thus a web of tax regulations. Therefore, in addition to having their own experts, MNCs rely heavily on local tax experts and legal counsel.
(2)Taxes have a very important impact on foreign direct investment decisions. Taxes will determine the financial structure of a subsidiary, and they will influence pricing decisions. They may also lead to the formation of holding companies. An MNC may decide to establish a branch rather than a subsidiary because of a given tax situation. The absence of a tax treaty between the country of a would-be investor and the nation where a foreign investment is to take place might lead to cancellation of investment plans. An unfavorable depreciation allowance may keep the foreign investor out. This unit will deal with the different tax systems in the world and their impact on an MNC’s global strategy.
(3)Basically, any tax system can be divided into direct and indirect taxes. Corporate and individual income taxes are direct; value-added taxes, sales taxes, and import duties are indirect taxes. Corporate income taxes(taxes levied on earnings)vary among the industrialized nations. France, the United States, Holland, Canada, and Germany have rates of around 50 percent; Italy, the United Kingdom, and Japan have rates of between 36 and 40 percent.
(4)Less developed countries usually have lower corporate tax rates, in order to attract foreign investment. Thus, Brazil has a rate of 30 percent, and Indonesia has a 40 percent rate. A corporate tax is levied on taxable earnings. Taxable earnings are more significant than the tax rate itself. They determine what can be deducted before the tax is computed; in other words, these items are tax deductible. Countries differ greatly in determining taxable earnings. Some allow accelerated depreciation, whereby the asset(usually the plant or equipment)is written off at a substantially higher rate during the first years than in the later years. This allows for smaller taxable earnings in the early years. Other countries allow tax-free investment reserves. These are used at a later stage for investment in underdeveloped areas of countries or are sent when countries are in a recession.
(5)A recent type of tax that has won recognition in the European Common Market is value-added tax(VAT). This is a national sales tax levied at each stage of production to the value added during that stage. Generally, manufacturing goods, such as plant and equipment, have been exempted from this tax. In most cases, food items also have been exempted.
(6)Here is an example of how VAT works. A tree owner who sells part of a tree to a lumber mill for $1 must set aside ten cents VAT to pay to the government. The lumber mill processes the tree into building material and sells the wood for $3 to a lumber wholesaler. The mill adds $2 in value, and thus sets aside ten percent of the added value, or twenty cents, to pay to the government. And so the VAT continues until the final sale.
(7)The VAT system offers advantages, such as rebates on exports. Profitable and unprofitable firms are taxed alike, as there is no possibility of tax deductions to determine taxable income. Further, VAT is easy to calculate and collect. But VAT is often accused of having contributed to serious inflation in countries where it was introduced, notably in Western Europe.
The sentence "Brazil has a rate of 30 percent, and Indonesia has a 40 percent rate" in the fourth paragraph shows that _____.
选项
A、governments attach less importance to corporate tax rates
B、lower tax rates are set to attract more foreign investment
C、countries differ greatly in determining taxable earnings
D、the two countries carry out lower tax rates than developed countries
答案
B
解析
第4段首句提到,欠发达国家为了吸引外资采用较低税率;随后举巴西和印尼为例说明这一点。B正好表达了原句的意思,故为正确答案。文中并未提及“政府不重视企业所得税”,排除A;C讲的是应纳税收入问题,也排除;D表述过于表面化,不能反映原句的深层含义,故也不选。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/jUIK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Predicatingthefutureisariskybusinessforascientist.Itissafetosay,thattheglobalAIDsepidemicwillgetmuchwors
Whollyasidefromaestheticandmoralconsiderations,fashionisaneconomicabsurdity,andthereislittletobesaidinitsf
Aprojectlikelytoevolveinthenearorintermediatefutureisspacetourism.Todayspacetourismhasbecomeapurecommercial
Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstanding【S1】______
OnFeb.2,2007,theUnitedNationsscientificpanelstudyingclimatechangedeclaredthattheevidenceofawanningtrendis
(1)Youdonotneedtoplayinabandtobepartoftheburgeoning"gigeconomy".Nearlyeveryonehasskillsorassetstheycane
(1)Everyoneintoday’ssuperchargedworkplacesexperiencesstress.Yetexecutiveandprofessionalwomenconsistentlyexperience
(1)Scientist,engineer,musicianandgreatartist,LeonardodaVinciisthearchetypalRenaissanceman.Thisundisputedgenius,
Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatesassettlementspreadfartherwestward.F
(1)Someoftheadvantagesofbilingualismincludebetterperformanceattasksinvolving"executivefunction"(whichinvolvesthe
随机试题
川芎在酸枣仁汤中的主要作用是
A.胃癌根治切除术B.胃空肠吻合术C.食管下端和胃近端切除术D.全胃切除术E.放弃作根治术胃体小弯部胃癌已侵犯胃底部应行
下列哪项不是Crohn病常见的临床表现
麦格综合征最常见于()。
建筑水磨石板材是以水泥,石渣和砂为主要原料,经搅拌、成型、养护研磨、抛光等工序制成的,具有强度高,坚固耐久,美观,刷洗方便,不易起尘,较好的防水和耐磨性能,施工简便等优点,特别值得注意的是()。
下列各项经济事项中,体现谨慎性的有()。
根据安德森的研究,影响人际吸引最重要的人格品质是()。
-1,6,-5,20,-27,()
1933年11月,在福州发动抗曰反蒋事变的国民党爱国将领是()。
Accordingtothepolls,whatwillhappentogunshopsinBrazil?
最新回复
(
0
)