首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Linguistic Gift of Babies Critical age Decline of babies’ language learning ability occurs at the age of【T1】_____.
The Linguistic Gift of Babies Critical age Decline of babies’ language learning ability occurs at the age of【T1】_____.
admin
2021-05-13
65
问题
The Linguistic Gift of Babies
Critical age
Decline of babies’ language learning ability occurs at the age
of【T1】_____. 【T1】_________
Lab work
Research focus:
■ How babies learn 【T2】_________in the first critical pe- 【T2】_________
riod.
Research aims:
■ Developing a model for babies in their critical periods of
— language acquisition
— social, emotional and 【T3】_________development 【T3】_________
Research process:
■ Babies needs to listen.
■ They are trained to turn his head when 【T4】_______. 【T4】_________
■ A panda bear pounds a drum if the babies are correct.
Participants:
■ 【T5】________babies. 【T5】_________
Results:
■ Babies can 【T6】________of all languages. 【T6】_________
■ Babies become language-bound listeners before【T7】_________. 【T7】_________
— sound reaction between American and Japanese babies.
- 6 to 8 months old: 【T8】________. 【T8】_________
- two months later: 【T9】________. 【T9】_________
■ Two events during the critical two months:
—【T10】_______when listening to a language. 【T10】_________
Change of babies’ brains when distributions grow.
Conclusion
Language learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable.
【T2】
The Linguistic Gift of Babies
Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I’m going to talk about something you can’t see, that is , what’s going on in the little brain of a baby. For example, how babies learn a language? It is always a question people show great interest in.
Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there’s a systematic decline. Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development—and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language. We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we’ll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development. So we’ve been studying the babies by conducting an experiment. During our experiment, the baby, usually a six-monther, sits on a parent’s lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes—like from "ah" to "ee." If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum.
What have we learned? Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as "citizens of the world." They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we’re testing and what language we’re using, and that’s remarkable because you know I can’t do that. We’re culture-bound listeners. We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages. So the question arises: when do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are? And the answer: before their first birthdays. What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listened to the "ra" and "la"—sounds important to English, but not to Japanese. So at six to eight months the babies are totally equivalent. Two months later something, something incredible occurs. The babies in the United States are getting a lot better, while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.
So the question is: what is happening during the critical two-month period? We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what’s going on up there? Maybe there are two things going on. The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they’re taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they are taking statistics. That is to say, the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids.
During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they’re doing is taking statistics. That is, sound distribution on the language that they hear. And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more. And what we’ve learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different. I mean, the sound distribution of both languages is different. So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains; it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are, because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.
In this case, of course, we’re arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distributions stabilize. Ok, today, we just talked about a recent project on babies’ language development. In our next lecture, we will concentrate on bilingual people—how bilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.
选项
答案
sounds of language(s)/language sounds
解析
要点题。录音中提到“…and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language…”,sounds与language是关键词,language写成复数也可,只写language的半分,只写sound不得分。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/jV3K777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
WhichofthefollowingsentencesindicatesABILITY?
Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,you_____independently,actively,andpurposefully.
SpeechforVisitorstotheMuseum1.Historyofthemuseum-Waterandavailabilityofrawmaterial—madethesitesuit
SpeechforVisitorstotheMuseum1.Historyofthemuseum-Waterandavailabilityofrawmaterial—madethesitesuit
SpeechforVisitorstotheMuseum1.Historyofthemuseum-Waterandavailabilityofrawmaterial—madethesitesuit
SpeechforVisitorstotheMuseum1.Historyofthemuseum-Waterandavailabilityofrawmaterial—madethesitesuit
随机试题
费用率越高,说明为获得收入所支出的耗费越大,相应的就表明所取得的盈利越低。()
男性,65岁,3月前出现腰背部疼痛,1月前出现头晕乏力,2天前出现记忆力减退,情绪不稳定。实验室检查:总蛋白:115.9g/L;清蛋白:23.6g/L;免疫球蛋白G:70.0g/L;β2微球蛋白:20.64mg/L。你认为下列最有价值的检查有
患者女性,46岁,慢性肾功能不全,出现手抽搐,但神志清楚。急查心电图如图3-6-2所示,应考虑为
下列恶性肿瘤较少发生骨转移的是
既能祛风湿止痛,又能解表的药物是
A.头痛而眩,面红口苦B.头痛不甚,气短乏力C.头痛而胀,甚则头胀如裂D.恶寒畏风,遇风尤剧E.头痛经久不愈,痛处固定不移患者,男,19岁。外感风寒而致头痛。辨证为风寒头痛,其临床特点是
与建设用地的自然条件评价相比,城市用地的建设条件评价更强调()所造成的影响。
对于不履行义务的会员,证券交易所的处罚种类包括( )。
既然从长期看,在上市公司的行业结构与该国产业结构基本一致的情况下,股票平均价格的变动与GDP变化趋势是吻合的,那么只要GDP上涨,证券市场就必将伴之以上升的趋势。()
对于(),风险提示的内容应至少包括以下语句:“本理财计划是高风险投资产品,您的本金可能会因市场变动而蒙受重大损失,您应充分认识投资风险,谨慎投资。”
最新回复
(
0
)