首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Alcohol abuse and dependence are serious problems affecting 10 percent of adult Americans, and the toll is high: 3 out of 100 de
Alcohol abuse and dependence are serious problems affecting 10 percent of adult Americans, and the toll is high: 3 out of 100 de
admin
2013-01-20
69
问题
Alcohol abuse and dependence are serious problems affecting 10 percent of adult Americans, and the toll is high: 3 out of 100 deaths in the United States can be linked directly to alcohol. In addition to traffic crashes, injuries in the home and on the job, and serious long-term medical consequences, alcohol abuse has been implicated in aggression and crime.
Although patterns vary, it is possible to classify drinkers as social drinkers, alcohol abusers, and alcohol-dependent persons. While alcohol consumption is never entirely a risk-free activity, these categories represent a range from relatively benign to extremely problematic.
An evaluation of treatment for any alcohol-related disorder must be situated historically. For nearly 200 years, the explanation of alcoholism as a disease competed with explanations in which character or moral defects were believed to lead to problematic drinking behavior.
Evidence accumulated, however, suggesting that alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are distinguishable. ’’Alcohol abuse" refers either to transitory or long-term problems in accomplishing basic living activities in which alcohol is implicated, and "alcohol dependence" describes a severe disability in which dependence brings about a reduction in the individual’s ability to control the drinking behavior.
This delineation was endorsed in 1987 by the Institute of Medicine, which defined alcohol abuse as "repetitive patterns of heavy drinking associated with impairment of functioning and/or health" and discussed alcoholism (dependency) as a separate phenomenon. Alcohol dependence is associated with additional symptoms such as craving, tolerance, and physical dependence that bring about changes in the importance of drinking in the individual’s life, and impaired ability to exercise behavioral restraint.
The distinction has important clinical implications. For some nondependent alcohol abusers, drinking patterns may be modified by
exhortations
or by societal sanctions. For alcohol-dependent persons, exhortations and sanctions are insufficient, and the goal of modified drinking inappropriate. The goal for these persons is abstinence, and a range of treatment options is available, including pharmacologic interventions, psychotherapy, and counseling. But even alcohol-dependent persons do not constitute a homogeneous group. They are not identical in personality, life experiences, family characteristics and social status. Knowledge of the differences among alcohol-dependent persons is important because research shows that alcoholism treatment methods are differentially effective according to patient characteristics. (365 words)
In Paragraph 3, what does the author contrasts to?
选项
A、Alcoholism and harmful consequences.
B、Psychological and biochemical implications.
C、Disease and moral defects.
D、Disorder and alcoholism.
答案
C
解析
参考第三段第二句。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/jg2O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
AlltherecentnewsonAIDSisbad.ThedeathofRockHudson【1】publicconcern-aboutthe【2】almosttothepointofpanic.Nowgen
Therearethreeseparatesourcesofhazard【1】totheuseofnuclearreactiontosupplyuswithenergy.Firstly,theradioactivem
Therearethreeseparatesourcesofhazard【1】totheuseofnuclearreactiontosupplyuswithenergy.Firstly,theradioactivem
Thirty-onemillionAmericansareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.B
Writearound200wordsonONEofthethreegiventopicsbelowwithinhalfanhour.Besurethatyourwritingshouldincludeatl
Therelationshipbetweentechnologyanddevelopmentiscomplicated.Attimesthenegativefeaturesoftechnologyseemto_____the
Anannouncementoffurthercutsingovernmentexpenditureis______.
LawyerhaveaterriblehabitofusingLatinandindustry____tomystifypeopleandthemselvesmorevaluable.
Howtoevaluatetheperformanceofstudentsisstillaproblemthattroublesmanyprofessors.
Thisisonlya____agreement:nothingseriousconcludedyetbyfar.
随机试题
五味子在天王补心丹中的主要作用是
以下有机磷农药中毒时,氯解磷定疗效最好的是
患者,男性,70岁。原有肺源性心脏病,感冒后病情加重,咳脓痰,发热、烦躁,继之出现神志模糊、嗜睡。查体:口唇发绀,昏迷,血压110/70mmHg,无病理反射,可能的诊断是
《脉经》的作者是
陈皮的主要功效是
仲裁以________为原则,可以有效的保护当事人商业信誉()
全球数以百计的医疗机构声称可用干细胞疗法修复多发性硬化症患者受损的组织细胞。专家指出,这些机构直接向患者打广告称可治愈疾病,而实际上没有任何证据表明它们有效或不会造成伤害。在这种情况下,处理相关广告十分必要,某些类型的干细胞移植,例如使用血液或皮肤干细胞,
运动员进行比赛,如果旁边有观众加油,运动员发挥得更好了,这种现象属于()【华南师范大学2016】
Onedayabusinessmanwasgoingtoanothertowntosellhisgoods(货物).Hedecidedtotaketenservants(仆人)withhim.Theywould
There’sNoPlaceLikeHome[A]Onalmostanynightoftheweek,Churchill’sRestaurantishopping.The10-year-oldhotspoti
最新回复
(
0
)