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  3. (1) Thanksgiving may be an official day of gratitude in the U.S., but research suggests that if you make time for "thank you" ev

(1) Thanksgiving may be an official day of gratitude in the U.S., but research suggests that if you make time for "thank you" ev

admin2023-02-06  29
问题     (1) Thanksgiving may be an official day of gratitude in the U.S., but research suggests that if you make time for "thank you" every day, you might enjoy life more.
    (2) Many people may think of gratitude as a "passive" gesture—you wait for something good, then feel grateful, said David DeSteno, a professor of psychology at Northeastern University. DeSteno studies the effects that thankfulness can have on people’s behavior.
    (3) But a growing body of research is suggesting the opposite is true, according to DeSteno. By choosing to feel gratitude, people can make positive changes in their lives. "Gratitude isn’t passive reflection. It’s active," DeSteno said. "And it’s not about the past. It’s there to help direct our behavior in the future. "
    (4) In experiments where he and his colleagues set people up to feel grateful, they found that thankfulness appeared to spur participants to act in more cooperative, less selfish ways. In one study, for example, people came to the lab to complete a computer task. At some point, certain participants’ computers were rigged to "crash". Luckily, a kind stranger who had just completed the same task (and was actually part of the research team) offered help and got the computer running again. Afterward, all of the study participants played a standard economic game where people have the opportunity to either act strictly in their own self-interest or in a more cooperative way.
    (5) In general, DeSteno’s team found, the study participants who had gotten help from a stranger during that first test were more likely to be cooperative during the next test. (A survey all of the participants took confirmed that those who’d received help were, in fact, feeling more grateful than their counterparts who’d had smooth sailing.) That’s one of a number of studies, DeSteno said, that suggest that gratitude helps guide behavior. It can encourage you to get more exercises, or to be more helpful to others (and not just that person you feel you "owe").
    (6) Some research has also found links between gratitude and better health, such as lower blood pressure and just feeling physically better. However, it’s not clear whether gratitude directly affects physical well-being.
    (7) At the University of California, Professor Naomi Eisenberger and her colleagues hope to zero in a bit more on the effects of gratitude. For six weeks, some study participants will spend time writing about things for which they are grateful. The rest will write about positive subjects, but won’t focus on gratitude.
    (8) According to Eisenberger, gratitude, based on studies like DeSteno’s, seems to enhance people’s ability to care for others. And in animals, Eisenberger noted, caregiving is linked to lesser reactivity in the face of a threat—mothers may feel less scared for themselves when a predator comes, and protect their babies instead.
    (9) Whatever the biological effects, plenty of research suggests that gratitude can change how you feel—even about those people who’ve been in your life for years, according to Sara Algoe, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina.
    (10) Her research has focused on the effects of gratitude in romantic relationships. In one study of 77 couples who’d been together for an average of four years, Algoe’s team had each partner think of something the other had done for them recently—no matter how small—and then thank him or her. Before that task, the couples completed a survey on their satisfaction with their relationship. Then they did it again six months later.
    (11) In general, the study saw a shift in people who felt their partner really meant that "thank you"—thinking, for example, that "my partner saw the ’real’ me. " Those men and women typically felt more satisfied with their relationship six months later. The findings, according to Algoe, highlight the importance of saying "thank you" even for those mundane things, from those people you see every day.
    (12) " Expressing gratitude well is a potent part of relationship satisfaction," Algoe said. "Sometimes we feel grateful, but we don’t say it. This research suggests it’s important to say it. And if someone offers you help, try accepting it instead of shunning it. See it as a gift. "
What is the main topic of the passage?
选项 A、Effects of gratitude.
B、Categories of gratitude.
C、Gratitude and marriage.
D、Gratitude and cooperation.
答案A
解析 主旨题。文章开篇提到感恩可能会让人们更享受生活；紧接着第二段至第五段介绍了德斯迪诺的研究，即感恩对人们行为的影响；然后第六段指出一些研究发现感恩与更好的健康状况 (如血压降低和确实感觉身体变好)之间存在联系；第七段和第八段介绍了艾森伯格的研究，即感恩似乎可以增强人们关心他人的能力；第九段至第十二段介绍了阿尔戈的研究，即感恩在爱情中的影响。由此可知，全文都是在探讨感恩的不同影响，故A为答案。原文并未提及感恩的分类，故排除B；虽然第九段至第十二段介绍了感恩在恋爱关系中的影响，但感恩与婚姻并不能概括文章全部内容，故排除C；第四段和第五段表明感恩似乎会激励参与者以更加配合且不那么自私的方式行事，但行事配合只是本文介绍的感恩影响之一，因此D“感恩与配合”不是原文主旨，故排除。
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