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  3. In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, prisons, nursing homes, and "special" schools for the

In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, prisons, nursing homes, and "special" schools for the

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问题     In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, prisons, nursing homes, and "special" schools for the retarded and the emotionally disturbed. In the same way, we have built mental institutions, cancer wards, soup kitchens, and retirement communities — all in the name of efficiency and humanitarian motivation.
    Clearly, there are compelling administrative, medical, and economic reasons why many of our thorniest human problems — illness, poverty, and old age — are better handled by specialized formal organizations than by families. But there may be other, less rational, reasons as well.
    One clue is to look at the sites where our nation’s prisons and mental hospitals were first located. Many of them are now in middle lass suburban areas, an easy drive from the urban core. But at the time they were built, these same areas were quite different — they were almost invariably secluded rural settings, located many miles from large population centers and hidden from everyday’s view. Even cemeteries emerged were typically built some distance from major cities, allowing friends and relatives to pay a visit but only met soft on a limited basis.
    Remember the cliche, "out of sight, out of mind"? Let’s face it: There are many problems that mid class Americans would prefer to shuttle aside and put out of easy reach. Too often, the attitude is, "Let somebody else take care of it. We aren’t trained and they are."
    Thus, our formal organizations help us to isolate those things we simply don’t want to see. By constructing a formal response, we are able to avoid the whole range of human misery that might otherwise disrupt our personal lives and make us feel very uncomfortable. By letting the formal system take care of terminal cancer patients, drug addicts, severely disfigured individuals, and Alzheimer’s victims, for example, we increase the subjective probability that these hideous things won’t happen to us or to our, loved ones. By distancing ourselves from human frailty and misery, we are then free to pursue our individual goals and objectives — at work and at home — without fear that the same thing might (or will) happen to us.
    Specialized institutions give us the false security of being able to go through life avoiding life’s problems — until we are forced to deal with them. This may be one reason why community based forms of treatment for mental illness, retardation, and juvenile delinquency have so often been opposed by Americans. In too many cases, even where their residents pose little, if any risk, to the neighbors, the thinking is that halfway houses belong on anybody else’s block but mine.
In the last paragraph "community based forms of treatment" is used ______.
选项 A、in contrast to treatment in specialized institutions
B、to show how efficient it is for mental illness and other diseases
C、to show how futile specialized treatment can be
D、as a synonym to treatment in specialized institutions
答案A
解析 细节定位题。 本文最后一段提到，专门机构给我们一种虚幻的安全感，使我们感到能够躲开生活问题度过今生，这也许是为什么以社区为基础的对精神病、弱智等的医疗方式经常受到美国人批评的原因之一。故选A项：与在专门机构中进行的治疗做对比。B项：表明这对于精神病和其他疾病的治疗是多么的有效；C项：表明专业治疗的无用；D项：作为专门机构治疗的同义词。
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