首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the
Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the
admin
2012-06-09
74
问题
Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain’s physical deterioration.
(61)
It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental abili-ty are different from person to person.
Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.
"That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. (62)
However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.
The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare.
(63)
Examining brain scans(脑部扫描的X光片) of 320 healthy men and women aged 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrink age of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex(脑皮层).
Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.
"Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People lose (on average) 2. 5 percent per decade starting in adulthood. "
There is ,however ,a "remarkable range" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain tissue loss throughout adulthood.
In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.
(64)
Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospi-nal fluid(脑脊液) surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid , the greater the cortical (脑皮层的) shrinkage.
Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1. 77 milliliters 11 more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain. Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. (65)
In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.
选项
答案
研究人员对320名年龄在66岁到90岁的身体健康的男子和女子的脑部扫描X光片研究后发现,受试者的受教育经历每多一年,其大脑外层叫做脑皮层的部位就多一份萎缩。
解析
句子框架是Examining brain scans…,researchers found that…there wasgreater shrink age of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex(脑皮层)。examining…是现在分词结构作时间状语,that引导宾语从句。此从句是个there be句型;thesubjects had作为定语从句修饰education;known as the cortex作定语,修饰the outerlayer of the brain。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/jwxd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublication
【61】Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours’wa
Accordingtothepassage,thewaywedress______.
ThetwolanguagesMaltesepeoplespeakare______
TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)isintrouble.Itsleaderisaccusedoftailingtolead,andastheorganizationdrifts,oth
ToproducetheupheavalintheUnitedStatesthatchangedandmodernizedthedomainofhighereducationfromthemid-1860’stot
Accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanorananimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood,Whenapersonf
TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)conservativelyestimatesthat,by2005,worldwideelectronic,
Increasingly,thedevelopmentoftourismisseentohaveaneffectontheenvironment.Erosionisoneproblem.Thestepsandsto
Whycan’tthelibraryissuelibrarycardstoeveryonewhoapplies?
随机试题
气管偏向患侧的疾病为
颁发《执业药师资格证书》的是监督、检查全国执业药师注册工作的是
某建设工程项目施工过程中发生不可抗力事件,建筑物受损严重,部分施工机具损毁,施工人员受伤,工期拖延一个月,关于损失承担的说法,正确的是()。
个人(家庭)财务报表主要包括()。
以发起方式设立的股份有限公司的章程须经()发起人同意。
某建筑工程公司正在研究购买甲、乙两种吊装设备何者有利的问题。甲设备价格为700万元,寿命期为4年;乙设备价格为1400万元,寿命期为8年。两种设备的动力费、人工费、故障率、修理费、速度和效率等都是相同的,假设资本的利率为10%。已知:(A/P,10%,4)
根据以下资料,回答以下小题。2010年,我国的专利申请总量为122.2万件,同比增长25.1%。在2010年的三类专利申请中,发明专利申请39.1万件,较上年增长24.4%,占专利申请总量的32.0%;实用新型专利申请41.0万件,较上年增长31
国务院和地方各级人民政府()城市学校教师和高等学校毕业生到农村地区、民族地区从事义务教育工作。
A、It’sbad.B、It’sgood.C、It’sbroken.C
Theoldideathattalentedchildren"burnthemselvesout"intheearlyyears,and,therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatwo
最新回复
(
0
)