首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
admin
2013-11-29
108
问题
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed______.
选项
A、the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws
B、the prevalent discrimination against certain races
C、the conflicting ideals injury selection procedures
D、the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges
答案
A
解析
本题信息点是the practice of selecting so—called elite jurors,该信息点出现在第二段第三句话。本句指出高等法院禁止在陪审员遴选过程中的歧视,但是这种做法非常容易地绕过了法律的制约,由此可见A项符合文章内容,为本题答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/k8e4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Bysayingthatacountry’sagriculturalsurplusesoften"complicate"itseconomy,theauthormeans______.Thegovernmentsimpo
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmerican
Pricesarcsky-high,withprofitstomatch.Butlookingfurtherahead,theindustryfaceswrenchingchange,saysanexpertofen
Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitbycompumation.Wordprocessorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthe
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannual
Conveniencefoodhelpscompaniesbycreatinggrowth;butwhatisitseffectonpeople?Forpeoplewhothinkcookingwasthefoun
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000;ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUni
Tensofthousandsof18-year-oldswillgraduatethisyearandbehandedmeaninglessdiplomas.Thesediplomaswon’tlookanydiff
ThelivesofveryfewNewarkresidentsareuntouchedbyviolence:NewJersey’sbiggestcityhasseenitall.Yetthemurderoft
随机试题
如何排除压缩机异响?
A、被认识接纳的需要B、信息获取的需要C、安全感需要D、关心尊重的需要E、早日康复的需要病人要求获得医护的关心是
问卷调查中,开放式问题与封闭式问题本质的区别在于
肝肾不足、阴虚火旺证,治疗宜选用
十分钟生活圈居住区,一般由城市干道、支路或用地边界线所围合,居住区人口规模为()人。
从消防安全管理的时间范围上来看,消防安全管理活动具有()的特性。
关于银行在信用证业务中提供的服务表述不正确的是()。
在重要政治活动场所观看演出,导游应提醒游客,演出结束,旅游团行离席,以示尊重。()
根据所给材料,回答问题。①春晚导演们应当坦然面对舆论给春晚造成的焦虑。创新绝对是必要的,但首先必须明白在创新中该坚持什么?在这一点上,龙年央视春晚有得有失。②坚持去商业化。舞美在今年春晚中最受好评,然而,视觉盛宴是有代价的,舞美在相当程
Whenwillthepassengersbecheckedinfortheirflight?__________hoursbeforedeparture.Howcanthepassengerclaimhisba
最新回复
(
0
)