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  3. Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The

admin2011-03-11  21
问题     Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that【1】a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who【2】recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no【3】or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain【4】while completing a task that could【5】either reward or punishment.
【6】with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had【7】neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward.【8】, the high-risk girls showed no【9】in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in【10】past experiences to assist learning.
    The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area【11】receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time【12】information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.
    "Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed【13】reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically【14】in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression,【15】they have not yet experienced a depressive【16】," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. "【17】, longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations【18】in this study during the processing of【19】and losses are associated with the【20】onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
选项 A、repaired
B、impaired
C、healed
D、damaged
答案B
解析 该题所在句的大意为：在接受奖赏时，考虑到通常观察时纹状体区域活化作用的减少，她们的奖赏处理系统看起来似乎已经被严重______了。文章第二段首句提到“发病率高的一组成员在期望和接受奖赏方面神经反应都比较弱。”由此可知发病率高的女孩的大脑接受奖赏处理系统很可能是受到损害，因此[B]impaired为正确答案。[A] repaired指原先受损的东西得到修复，如果得到修复．那么反应就不会微弱；[C] healed意思相反，应排除；[D] damaged虽有“损坏”之意，但是一般不指身体部位的损伤，主要是指对物体的损害，用法举例：They have damaged the electrical equipment．他们毁坏了这台电子设备。  
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