首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
专升本
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to"
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to"
admin
2011-04-26
21
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to" rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result. For instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble ’’when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______. ( )
选项
A、the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
B、the sight of the lights was interesting
C、they need not turn back to watch the lights
D、they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/kHqC777K
本试题收录于:
英语题库成考专升本分类
0
英语
成考专升本
相关试题推荐
Mostpeople______.New-bornbabies______.
It______thepostofficetimeifpeopleaddresslettersproperly.
Onefamousphysicianalways______tospendatleast15minutesongeneralreadingbeforehewenttosleepeachnight.
Thefirstsailorpretendedtobeillbecausehewantedto______.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?
Theyhavecooperatedsowellthattheydecideto______theiragreementforanotherfiveyears.
Ifinflationgetsanyworse,peoplewhohaveworkedalltheirlives(willendupwithnothing).
(Tomyamazement),Bobleftawell-paidjobtotravelaroundtheworld.
—Hello,ZhuHuaI’havetoreturntoCanadabecauseI’veworkedhereforayear—______!
Duringthedays_____,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.
"Theinterest_____bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides."declaredthejudge.
随机试题
下列属于颅底凹陷症的标准摄影体位是
克隆基因的大肠杆菌表达体系
下列纳税人可以认定为货物运输发票自开票纳税人的是()。
下列属于鄂西生态文化旅游圈范围的景点有()。
我国政府十分重视未成年人权益的保障,先后颁布了一系列政策法规,形成了以()为基础,以《未成年人保护法》、《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》和《关于加强孤儿救助工作的意见》为主体的、完善的未成年人权益保护政策法规体系。
下列关于软件的描述,错误的是()。
下列选项中,符合所给图形的变化规律的是:
在窗体上画一个水平滚动条,其属性值Min满足
【B1】【B4】
Everyonewas______bythestoryaboutthedog.
最新回复
(
0
)