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  3. Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way t

Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way t

admin2014-04-20  36
问题     Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way to target treatment.
    Fifty years after the discovery of the first direct genetic link to cancer, scientists are assessing the state of so-called targeted therapy—with nearly 30 treatments on the market and a dozen or so more under study. " We’re still not using the ’ C ’word, ’ cure,’ " cautioned medicine director Jeff Boyd of Fox Chase Cancer Center, who helped organized a meeting to examine the future of targeted therapy. But, he added, "there is real potential to transform many cancers into chronic diseases. "
    One challenge is how to expand the number of targets to attack, in part by answering what the new chief of the National Cancer Institute calls the "big questions" about what makes this disease so intractable. What makes a tumor metastasize or spread through the body? Why some tumors spread and others don’t? What programs those tumor cells to invade, say, the liver instead of the bone or the lung? These are factors that undoubtedly could be new treatment targets.
    A domino effect of genetic alterations is required to cause any of the 200 diseases collectively called cancer. Some occur in the person, making them more prone to illness. But tumors also have their own genetic signature—four to seven genetic changes that are critical to turning, say, a normal breast or colon or liver cell into a cancerous one, and a pattern of activity that signals how aggressive that malignancy will be. Those unique patterns also offer targets for treatment, drugs that zero in on the particular genetic pathways fueling the person’s cancer—and even vaccine-like therapies, a fledgling field that aims to train patients’ immune systems to recognize and fight their tumors.
    As the targeted therapies work differently—shrinking a tumor or slowing its growth—than the tumor-destroying approaches of chemotherapy and radiation, it’s harder to prove a benefit. But Allison Frey, whose aggressive form of thyroid cancer spread to her liver in inoperable patches, says that approach has made her cancer an illness she can manage much like a diabetic manages insulin. For nearly five years, she has swallowed an experimental pill that shrank those patches and kept them from growing back, working through a pathway that targets a tumor’s blood supply. "Honestly, to me it’s just like any other chronic illness," said Frey, who’s part of a study at Fox Chase. "I show up for work every day and live life...with minimal issues. "  
What can be learned about Allison Frey according to the last paragraph?
选项 A、The patches on her thyroid and liver have disappeared.
B、Her cancer has been brought under effective control.
C、She can live her life as normally as she did before.
D、She never received any chemotherapy or radiation.
答案B
解析 推断题。Allison Frey是第五段提到的一个病例，用于说明靶向治疗方法与放疗、化疗的不同之处。结合她本人对靶向治疗疗效的感受to me it’s just like any other chronic illness以及第二段中Jeff Boyd谈到靶向治疗的目标to transform many cancers into chronic diseases，说明仅就Allison的案例而言，靶向治疗达成了其目标，病症得到了有效控制，故[B]符合原文。[A]项曲解了原文中的she has swallowed anexperimental pill that shrank those patches，药物虽然使肿瘤缩小，但并未完全消失。[C]项断章取义，原文虽然说I show up for work every day and live life…，可以工作和生活，但还是特别加上了with minimalissues“仅有一些小问题”，说明与正常生活还是有区别的。[D]项属于过度推断，Allison虽然接受靶向治疗长达五年之久，但原文并未说明她不曾接受过任何放疗或化疗。
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