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  3. The more parents talk to their children, the faster those children’s vocabularies grow and the better their intelligence develop

The more parents talk to their children, the faster those children’s vocabularies grow and the better their intelligence develop

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问题     The more parents talk to their children, the faster those children’s vocabularies grow and the better their intelligence develops. That might seem blindingly obvious, but it took until 1995 for science to show just how early in life the difference begins to matter. In that year Betty Hart and Todd Risley of the University of Kansas published the results of a decade-long study in which they had looked at how, and how much, 42 families in Kansas City conversed at home. Dr Hart and Dr Risley found a close correlation between the number of words a child’s parents had spoken to him by the time he was three and his academic success at the age of nine. At three, children born into professional families had heard 30m more words than those from a poorer background.
    This observation has profound implications for policies about babies and their parents. It suggests that sending children to "pre-school"(nurseries or kindergartens)at the age of four—a favoured step among policymakers—comes too late to compensate for educational shortcomings at home. Happily, understanding of how children’s vocabularies develop is growing, as several presentations at this year’s meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS)showed.
    One of the most striking revelations came from Anne Fernald of Stanford University, who has found that the disparity starts at the tender age of 18 months, when most toddlers speak only a dozen words, those from disadvantaged families are several months behind other, more favoured children. Indeed, Dr Fernald thinks the differentiation starts at birth.
    She measures how quickly toddlers process language by sitting them on their mothers’ laps and showing them two images; a dog and a ball, say. A recorded voice tells the toddler to look at the ball while a camera records his reaction. This lets Dr Fernald note the moment the child’s gaze begins shifting towards the correct image. At 18 months, toddlers from better-off backgrounds can identify the correct object in 750 milliseconds—200 milliseconds faster than those from poorer families. This, says Dr Fernald, is a huge difference.
The underlined word "toddlers"(Para 3, Line 2)refers to______.
选项 A、doctors
B、students
C、families
D、children
答案D
解析 根据toddlers前面的at the tender age of 18 months，以及后面的speak only a dozenwords，再到后面的behind other，more favoured children等信息，我们可以推断toddlers=chil—dren，即选项[D]为答案。
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