首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1) Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We mig
(1) Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We mig
admin
2021-11-24
54
问题
(1) Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list—answering emails, say—while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy, while artfully avoiding the tasks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long-untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can’t help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.
(2) The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with tasks that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That’s because it’s easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds—an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.
(3) How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It’s all about rebalancing the cost-benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tackling it.
(4) To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:
(5) Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they’re shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real—making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty. When we apply a lo-fi version of this technique to any task we’ve been avoiding, by taking a moment to paint ourselves a vivid mental picture of the benefits of getting it done, it can sometimes be just enough to get us unstuck. So if there’s a call you’re avoiding or an email you’re putting off, give your brain a helping hand by imagining the virtuous sense of satisfaction you’ll have once it’s done—and perhaps also the look of relief on someone’s face as they get from you what they needed.
(6) Pre-commit, publicly. Telling people that we’re going to get something done can powerfully amplify the appeal of actually taking action, because our brain’s reward system is so highly responsive to our social standing. Research has found that it matters greatly to us whether we’re respected by others—even by strangers. Most of us don’t want to look foolish or lazy to other people. So by daring to say "I’ll send you the report by the end of the day" we add social benefits to following through on our promise—which can be just enough to nudge us to bite the bullet.
(7) Confront the downside of inaction. Research has found that we’re strangely averse to properly evaluating the status quo. While we might weigh the pros and cons of doing something new, we far less often consider the pros and cons of not doing that thing. Known as omission bias, this often leads us to ignore some obvious benefits of getting stuff done. Suppose you’re repeatedly putting off the preparation you need to do for an upcoming meeting. You’re tempted by more exciting tasks, so you tell yourself you can do it tomorrow (or the day after). But force yourself to think about the downside of putting it off, and you realize that tomorrow will be too late to get hold of the input you really need from colleagues. If you get moving now, you have half a chance of reaching them in time—so finally, your gears creak into action.
(8) To make the costs of action feel smaller:
(9) Identify the first step. Sometimes we’re just daunted by the task we’re avoiding. We might have "learnt French" on our to-do list, but who can slot that into the average afternoon? The trick here is to break down big, amorphous tasks into baby steps that you don’t feel as effortful. Even better; identify the very smallest first step, something that’s so easy that even your present-biased brain can see that the benefits outweigh the costs of effort. So instead of "learn French" you might decide to "email Nicole to ask advice on learning French. " Achieve that small goal, and you’ll feel more motivated to take the next small step than if you’d continued to beat yourself up about your lack of language skills.
(10) Tie the first step to a treat. We can make the cost of effort feel even smaller if we link that small step to something we’re actually looking forward to doing. In other words, tie the task that we’re avoiding to something that we’re not avoiding. For example, you might allow yourself to read lowbrow magazines or books when you’re at the gym, because the guilty pleasure helps dilute your brain’s perception of the short-term "cost" of exercising. Likewise, you might muster the self-discipline to complete a slippery task if you promise yourself you’ll do it in a nice cafe with a favorite drink in hand.
(11) Remove the hidden blockage. Sometimes we find ourselves returning to a task repeatedly, still unwilling to take the first step. We hear a little voice in our head saying, "Yeah, good idea, but...no. " At this point, we need to ask that voice some questions, to figure out what’s really making it unappealing to take action. This doesn’t necessarily require psychotherapy. Patiently ask yourself a few "why" questions—"why does it feel tough to do this?" and "why’s that?"—and the blockage can surface quite quickly. Often, the issue is that a perfectly noble competing commitment is undermining your motivation. For example, suppose you were finding it hard to stick to an early morning goal-setting routine. A few "whys" might highlight that the challenge stems from your equally strong desire to eat breakfast with your family. Once you’ve made that conflict more explicit, it’s far more likely you’ll find a way to overcome it—perhaps by setting your daily goals the night before, or on your commute into work.
(12) So the next time you find yourself mystified by your inability to get important tasks done, be kind to yourself. Recognize that your brain needs help if it’s going to be less short-sighted. Try taking at least one step to make the benefits of action loom larger, and one to make the costs of action feel smaller. Your languishing to-do list will thank you.
According to Para. 1, which of the following behavior belongs to procrastination?
选项
A、Finding excuses for our own laziness.
B、Prioritizing things on the to-do list.
C、Deferring the thorny tasks.
D、Pretending to be busy while doing nothing.
答案
C
解析
事实细节题。根据题干定位至第一段。该段首句提示我们,拖延症有很多不同的表现。第三句提到,我们可能会优先处理容易完成的事,而不断推迟去做那些复杂繁重、不易完成的任务,故C为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/keIK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?TheanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadoptedTwodistinct
Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?TheanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadoptedTwodistinct
Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfami
Usually,therearetworeasonstopursuescientificknowledge:forthesakeoftheknowledgeitself,andforthepracticaluse
Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?TheanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadoptedTwodistinct
ThingstobeTaughtinEverySchoolI.Introduction:Importanceofstudents’abilitytodealwiththerealworld.A.Speaker’so
StoryTellingI.StatusofstorytellingA.Inthepastprovidedcultural【T1】______【T1】______providedmoraleducation
TimeManagementforCollegeStudentsTimeyouspentinhighschoolistotallydifferentfromthatincollege.Itisacritic
(1)Proponentsofdifferentjazzstyleshavealwaysarguedthattheirpredecessors’musicalstyledidnotincludeessentialchara
Today’skindergartenersareheavierthankidsbroughtupinthe1970sand1980sandappeartobeontheroadtobecome【M1】______
随机试题
(2016年4月第11题)某企业按照高于国外同类产品生产厂家的产品质量标准进行生产和销售,该企业采取的市场动态质量战略属于()
下肢髂股静脉血栓形成患者的临床特点是
男,45岁,近半年恶心,食欲差,近一周呕吐,少尿,15年前曾验尿常规:蛋白(++),RBC1~3/HP。查体:BP23/12.2kPa(172/92mmHg),皮肤粗糙,无黄疸,双肺无明显啰音,HR90次/分。律齐,肝脾未及,双下肢水肿。Hb6.0
关于霍乱,错误的描述是
可导致双端固定桥固位不良的是A.基牙轴面聚合度小B.桥体强度不足C.两端的基牙数目不等D.一端基牙过短E.一端固位体的固位力略高于另一端
某计量校准人员在受理一个客户要求给予校准的计量仪器时,未能找到适合的校准技术规范。他观察了此仪器的功能和测量参数,觉得本实验室的计量标准器可以对这台仪器进行校准。于是他临时想了一个校准方法,并按此方法实施了校准,出具了校准证书。
下列各项个人所得中,免征个人所得税的项目是()。
某企业全年制度工作日为250天,两班制,每班有效工作时间为7.5小时。已知钳工车间生产面积为145平方米,每件产品占用生产面积5平方米,该车间单件产品时间定额为1.5小时。该钳工车问的年生产能力为()件。
你作为铁路公安发现火车站检票员工作不认真,经常让闲散人员进站,针对这种状况你需要找他谈谈,请现场模拟。
Perhapsoneofthebest-knownaccidentaldiscoveryisSirAlexander【M1】______Fleming’sdiscoveryofpenicillin.In1922Flemin
最新回复
(
0
)