首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Since the late 1970’s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States
Since the late 1970’s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States
admin
2010-05-14
16
问题
Since the late 1970’s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity and therefore enhance their international competitiveness through costcutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is definding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity—the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input—did not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement costcutting, the more they lost their competitive edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies: it became clear to me that the costcutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed, Manufacturing regularly observes a" 40, 40, 20" rule, roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional costcutting. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach—including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder-do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute. Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathy’ s study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in costcutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured, production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.
Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing
a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy facturing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach, within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.
The author’s attitude toward the culture is most factories in best described as______.
选项
A、cautious
B、critical
C、disinterested
D、respectful
答案
B
解析
语气题。该题问:对大多数工厂的文化气氛,作者持什么态度?A项意为“谨慎的”,B项意为“批评性的”:C项意为“无兴趣的”,D项意为“表示尊敬的”。在本文的第三段中可以找到本题线索This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation,but it has created a penny-pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.因此可以看出作者是持一种不赞成的负面态度。因此B项意为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/keqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、Thegovernmenthaswonavoteofconfidenceintheupperhouseofparliament.B、Thegovernmenthastochoosebetweenausterity
A、Connectors.B、Mavens.C、Salesmen.D、Promoters.B
IusedtoboastthatBritainwasarelativelyuncorruptsociety.LookatFrance,Iwouldsay,whereahighproportionofrecent
Economicgrowthisup.Unemploymentisdown.Thehousingmarketisinrecovery.Sowhydidn’tPresidentObama’sStateoftheUni
It’snevereasytoplumbthereadinghabitsofchildren,butteachersandparentsperenniallyknockthemselvesoutwithworryov
Labourisoftenaccusedofrushingthroughill-consideredlawswheneveritsappearanceofcompetenceiscracking.Themental-hea
A、Itssalesrepresentativeshavebeenmisleadingtheircustomersinthepurchaseofcomputers.B、Itsexpertsarenotawareofth
Thedigitalrevolutioninconsumerelectronics,includingpersonalcomputergadgets,begantogainmomentumin1998,andisexpe
HenryJameswasregardedasoneofthepioneersof_____,andhadgreatinfluenceontheagethatfollowed.
A、Near2million.B、3.2millionand3.7million.C、About18,000.D、20,000and24,000.B从“...Thestoryboardisvaluedatbetween
随机试题
试述九一八事变对中国的影响。(河北大学2014年历史学基础真题)
税收的调节经济的职能主要表现在以下几个方面()
液体能均匀地黏附在固体表面的特性是焊料未能充满整个焊隙而形成相互扩散的结合,只在焊缝表面堆砌一部分焊料的现象
男,67岁,脊椎骨折合并截瘫患者。以下护理措施不正确的是
下列关于规划行政体系的论述,错误的是()。
不服行政机关作出的行政处分或者其他人事处理决定的,依照有关法律、行政法规的规定提出申诉。不服行政机关对民事纠纷作出的调解或者其他处理,依法申请仲裁或者向人民法院提起诉讼。这两种情形均不能提起行政复议。()
某社会工作服务机构为社区中半失能老人开展了一系列服务。下列服务中,属于间接服务的是()。
郭老师在教授“千克的初步认识”一课时,忘了拆下天平物盘上的胶垫,结果出现两次称量一支粉笔的结果相差10倍的错误。面对这个问题,下面的处理方式最合适的是()。
下列叙述中正确的是
龙是中国人自古以来一直崇拜的神异动物(deifiedanimal)。在中国的神话传说(folklore)中,龙是多种动物的综合体,拥有多种动物的特长。尽管中国龙是一种现实中并不存在的动物,但它在中国人的心里占据着不可替代的位置。在过去,龙长期被古时的中国
最新回复
(
0
)