2. 外语
  3. Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.

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问题    Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiting intellectual and technical skills.  Indeed, two things have characterized.  American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population—rowing so
fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.
   Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist’s trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.
It is implied that fifty years ago______.
选项 A、eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories
B、twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees
C、the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers
D、the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers
答案D
解析 由“middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population—growing so fast that the industrial worker，that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution，has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production．”我们可以知道在当今社会中产阶层和上层雇员已经使产业工人 (工业革命的最早产物)在数量上失去其重要性，这说明原来雇员中的产业工人比例大，而知识分子的比例小，所以[D]是正确答案。
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