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  3. Name-calling and teasing are overwhelmingly the main type of classroom bullying, says a study funded by the Japanese Ministry of

Name-calling and teasing are overwhelmingly the main type of classroom bullying, says a study funded by the Japanese Ministry of

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问题     Name-calling and teasing are overwhelmingly the main type of classroom bullying, says a study funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education. The study, an international programme looking into the【C1】______ of bullying, has also been sponsored by UNESCO (联合国教科文组织).
    However, the study does reveal some good news. The research in the British part of the programme has found that the problem of bullying in schools has decreased. A decade of anti-bullying initiatives has led to the first recorded drop in the number of victims and a【C2】______ fall in the number of young bullies. This is the first【C3】______ study to show school bullying on the decrease. The research, being published in the year 2000, was carried out by psychologist Peter Smith, of Goldsmith’s College, London. The war on violence and name-calling has been so successful that Britain is no longer the bullying capital of Europe,【C4】______ major improvements in comparison with other European countries.
    The research, an international study sponsored by UNESCO, shows that there has been a decline of at least 72000 in the number of English teenagers who say they have been bullied, compared with 10 years ago. Meanwhile the number of perpetrators (作恶者，行凶者) has more than halved,【C5】______ from 560000 to 240000 over the same period. Psychologist Smith said there has been change in the way the issue is【C6】______ in British schools. The findings were an indication of a tough anti-bullying attitude in schools which would not tolerate this kind of behavior, and the result of such initiatives as peers【C7】______ , where students are encouraged to【C8】______ in their fellow pupils.
    Physical violence against the children accounted for just over one quarter of all reports with boys twice as likely as gifts to be kicked,【C9】______ or threatened. Smith found one in seven of all victims suffered racist bullies and being called hurtful names.
   【C10】______ , nearly one-third of the victims told no one. But this is better than ten years ago when Smith found that one half of all the children who were bullied kept it to themselves.
    The findings were given a cautious welcome by the children’s safety charity Kidscape, which takes 16000 calls a year from concerned parents. "Some anti-bullying policies are really taking hold, but where it’s bad it’s still very, very bad," said director Michelle Elliott.
A) disturbingly                I) registering
B) extension                   J) extent
C) tackled                     K) confide
D) dramatic                    L) bully
E) increased                   M) substantial
F) counseling                  N) initiative
G) shrinking                   O) coped
H) shoved

【C3】
选项
答案M
解析 根据逻辑分析可知study需要修饰语，而substantial修饰study意为“真实的，有价值的”符合句意。
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