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  3. Corporate Ambitions: Amazon, the World’s Most Remarkable Firm, Is Just Getting Started A) Amazon is an extraordinary company. Th

Corporate Ambitions: Amazon, the World’s Most Remarkable Firm, Is Just Getting Started A) Amazon is an extraordinary company. Th

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问题     Corporate Ambitions: Amazon, the World’s Most Remarkable Firm, Is Just Getting Started
A) Amazon is an extraordinary company. The former bookseller accounts for more than half of every new dollar spent online in America. It is the world’s leading provider of cloud computing. This year Amazon will probably spend twice as much on television as HBO, a cable channel. Its own-brand physical products include batteries, almonds, suits and speakers linked to a virtual voice-activated assistant that can control, among other things, your lamps and sprinkler.
B) Yet Amazon’s shareholders are working on the premise that it is just getting started. Since the beginning of 2015 its share price has jumped by 173%, seven times quicker than in the two previous years (and 12 times faster than the S&P 500 index). With a market capitalisation (市值) of some $400bn, it is the fifth-most-valuable firm in the world. Never before has a company been worth so much for so long while making so little money: 92% of its value is due to profits expected after 2020.
C) That is because investors anticipate both an extraordinary rise in revenue, from sales of $ 136bn last year to half a trillion over the next decade, and a jump in profits. The hopes invested in it imply that it will probably become more profitable than any other firm in America. Ground for scepticism does not come much more fertile than this: Amazon will have to grow faster than almost any big company in modem history to justify its valuation. Can it possibly do so?
D) It is easy to tick off some of the pitfalls (隐患). Rivals will not stand still. Microsoft has cloud-computing ambitions; Walmart already has revenues nudging $ 500bn and is beefing up online. If anything happened to Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s founder and boss, the gap would be exceptionally hard to fill. But the striking thing about the company is how much of a chance it has of achieving such unprecedented goals.
E) This is largely due to the firm’s unusual approach to two dimensions of corporate life. The first of these is time. In an era when executives routinely whinge about (发牢骚) pressure to produce short-term results, Amazon is resolutely focused on the distant horizon. Mr. Bezos emphasises continual investment to propel (推动) its two principal businesses, e-commerce and Amazon Web Services (AWS), its cloud-computing arm.
F) In e-commerce, the more shoppers Amazon lures, the more retailers and manufacturers want to sell their goods on Amazon. That gives Amazon more cash for new services—such as two-hour shipping and streaming video and music—which entice more shoppers. Similarly, the more customers use AWS, the more Amazon can invest in new services, which attract more customers. A third virtuous circle is starting to whirl (迅速旋转) around Alexa, the firm’s voice-activated assistant: as developers build services for Alexa, it becomes more useful to consumers, giving developers reason to create yet more services.
G) So long as shareholders retain their faith in this model, Amazon’s heady valuation resembles a self-fulfilling prophecy. The company will be able to keep spending, and its spending will keep making it more powerful. Their faith is sustained by Amazon’s record. It has had its failures—its attempt to make a smartphone was a debacle. But the business is starting to crank out (快速大量地制造) cash. Last year cashflow (before investment) was $ 16bn, more than quadruple the level five years ago.
H) If Amazon’s approach to time-frames is unusual, so too is the sheer breadth of its activities. The company’s list of current and possible competitors, as described in its annual filings, includes logistics firms, search engines, social networks, food manufacturers and producers of "physical, digital and interactive media of all types". A wingspan this large is more reminiscent of a conglomerate (大型联合企业) than a retailer, which makes Amazon’s share price seem even more bloated: stockmarkets typically apply a " conglomerate discount" to reflect their inefficiencies.
I) Many of these services support Amazon’s own expansion and that of other companies. The obvious example is AWS, which powers Amazon’s operations as well as those of other firms. But Amazon also rents warehouse space to other sellers. It is building a $ 1. 5bn air-freight hub (中心) in Kentucky. It is testing technology in stores to let consumers skip the cash register altogether, and experimenting with drone deliveries to the home. Such tools could presumably serve other customers, too. Some think that Amazon could become a new kind of utility: one that provides the infrastructure of commerce, from computing power to payments to logistics.
J) And here lies the real problem with the expectations surrounding Amazon. If it gets anywhere close to fulfilling them, it will attract the attention of regulators. For now, Amazon is unlikely to trigger antitrust (反垄断的) action. It is not yet the biggest retailer in America, its most mature market. America’s antitrust enforcers look mainly at a firm’s effect on consumers and pricing. Seen through this lens, Amazon appears pristine (处于原始状态的). Consumers applaud it; it is the most well-regarded company in America, according to a Harris poll. (AWS is a boon to startups, too.)
K) But as it grows, so will concerns about its power. Even on standard antitrust grounds, that may pose a problem: if it makes as much money as investors hope, a rough calculation suggests its earnings could be worth the equivalent of 25% of the combined profits of listed Western retail and media firms. But regulators are also changing the way they think about technology. In Europe, Google stands accused of using its clout as a search engine to extend its power to adjacent businesses. The comparative immunity from legal liability of digital platforms—for the posting of inflammatory content on Facebook, say, or the vetting of drivers on Uber—is being chipped away.
L) Amazon’s business model will also encourage regulators to think differently. Investors value Amazon’s growth over profits; that makes predatory pricing more tempting. In future, firms could increasingly depend on tools provided by their biggest rival. If Amazon does become a utility for commerce, the calls will grow for it to be regulated as one. Shareholders are right to believe in Amazon’s potential. But success will bring it into conflict with an even stronger beast: government.
Amazon has formed sound circles that push its e-commerce, AWS and Alexa voice service forward.
选项
答案F
解析 F段未句提到，该公司的语音助手亚历克萨开始呈现出第三种良性循环：随着开发者为亚历克萨构建服务，它对消费者更有用了，这让开发者有理由上创建更多的服务。由A third virtuous circle可知，该段还讲述了亚马逊的另外两个良性循环。该段第一、二句提到了亚马逊的第一个良性循环是在电子商务方面；第三句表明了第二个良性循环是在亚马逊的网络服务方面。由此可知，该段分别介绍了亚马逊呈现良性循环的三个方面：e-commerce，AWS和Alex a voice service。题干是对该段的概括总结，故F)为答案。
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