2. 考研
  3. Modern archaeological finds can still contribute much to the study of ancient literature. For example, forty years ago a survey

Modern archaeological finds can still contribute much to the study of ancient literature. For example, forty years ago a survey

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问题    Modern archaeological finds can still contribute much to the study of ancient literature. For example, forty years ago a survey of the early Greek dramatist Aeschylus’ plays would have started with The Suppliant Women. Many factors internal to the play, but perhaps most especially the prominence of the chorus (which in this play has the main role) , led scholars to consider it one of Aeschylus’ earlier works. The consensus was that here was a drama truly reflecting an early stage in the evolution of tragedy out of choral lyric. The play was dated as early as the 490’s B. C. , in any event, well before Aeschylus’ play The Persians of 472 B. C. Then, in 1952, a fragment of papyrus found at Oxyrhynchus was published stating the official circumstances and results of a dramatic contest. The fragment announced that Aeschylus won first prize with his Danaid Tetralogy, of which The Suppliant Women is the opening play, and defeated Sophocles in the process. Sophocles did not compete in any dramatic contest before 468 B. C. , when he won his first victory. Hence, except by special pleading (e. g. , that the tetralogy was composed early in Aeschylus’ career but not produced until the 460’s B. C.) , the Danaid Tetralogy must be put after 468 B. C. In addition, a few letters in the fragment suggest the name Archedemides, archon in 463 B. C. , thus perhaps tying the plays to that precise date, almost exactly halfway between Aeschylus’ Seven Against Thebes of 467 B. C. and his Oresteia.
   The implication of the papyrus administered a severe shock to the vast majority of classical scholars, who had confidently asserted that not only the role of the chorus but also language, metrics, and characterization all pointed to an early date. The discovery has resulted in no less than a total reevaluation of every chronological criterion that has been applied to or derived from Aeschylus’ plays. The activity has been brisk, and a new creed has now spread. The prominence of the chorus in The Suppliant Women now is seen not as a sign of prim-itivism but as analogous to the massive choral songs of the Oresteia. Statistics have been formulated, or reformulated , to show that stylistically The Suppliant Women does actually occupy a position after The Persians and Seven Against Thebes, which now become the "primitive" plays, and before the Oresteia. While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, the one papyrus Fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed , showing, for instance, that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles , and throwing the date once more into utter confusion. This is unlikely to happen, but it warns us that perhaps the most salutary feature of the papyrus scrap is its message of the extreme difficulty of classifying and categorizing rigidly the development of a creative artist.
According to the passage, in the absence of definite knowledge concerning the dates of composition of ancient literary works, literary historians do which of the following when trying to establish the chronology of an author’s work?
选项 A、Make assumptions about a single work’s date of composition if such assumptions would not seriously affect interpretations of other works by the same author.
B、Draw inferences concerning the date of a work’s composition based on evidence internal to that work and on the author’s other works.
C、Ignore the date of a work’s composition which is supplied by archaeological research when literary factors internal to the work contradict that date.
D、Estimate the date of a work’s composition without attempting to relate it to the author’s development as an artist.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。第一段第三句指出，《乞援女》里的许多因素，尤其是突出的合唱形式让学者认为这是埃斯库罗斯的早期作品。第五句指出，这部作品经鉴定创作于公元前490年，远早于公元前472年的另一作品《波斯人》。可知，学者会根据作品内部证据判断作品的时期。有了考古学的新发现，学者们也是参照剧作家其他作品把作品的具体时期限定得更准确。[B]项的表述符合原文，故为答案。
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