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  3. It must be stressed that a characteristic aspect of the present time is that science is exercising a decisive influence on techn

It must be stressed that a characteristic aspect of the present time is that science is exercising a decisive influence on techn

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问题 It must be stressed that a characteristic aspect of the present time is that science is exercising a decisive influence on technology, creating new problems for it, guiding its development and conditioning its progress. As a result, science is tending to become a direct force of industry. Scientific theories penetrate technological processes.
In its turn, the development of science is strongly influenced by the astounding progress of modern technology, which places at its disposal previously undreamed of means; apparatus of high precision and of tremendous power, such as particle accelerators, nuclear reactors, electronic computers, etc. The improvement of industrial technology makes possible the realization of high intensity phenomena such as pressure, temperature, very high tension or nearly ideal conditions of vacuum, often indispensable to accurate experimental results.
Science does not, generally, affect industry directly but does so through the intermediary of technology which places at industry’s disposal new improved and powerful machines that increase the productivity of labor. It improves technological processes, introduces new forms of energy, creates new materials not provided by nature, introduces new and varied means of transport, communication and telecommunication control and tele-control. All these means amazingly increase the productivity of labor by substituting human force for those of nature.
The raising of the technical level of industry, therefore, constitutes a major imperative of our time presented to science, which finds itself in the vanguard of social progress.
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答案 我们必须强调这一点，当今时代的一个典型特点是：科学正在对技术产生决定性的影响，为它创造新的问题，指导它的发展，并决定它的进程。因此，科学正逐渐成为工业中的一种直接决定力量，科学理论贯穿整个工艺流程。 反之，科学发展受到现代技术迅猛发展的强烈影响。现代技术为科学研究提供了过去甚至无法想象的手段：精度高且动力大的装置，如粒子加速器、核反应堆和电子计算器等。工业技术的进步让高强度条件，如压力、温度、极高电压或近乎理想的真空条件，成为可能，而这些条件是取得精准实验结果所不可或缺的。 一般而言，科学并不直接影响工业，而是通过技术这个中间媒介施加作用，技术为工业提供动力更大的改良机器，提高生产效率。它还改进工艺流程，引入新型能源，创造出自然界本不存在的新材料，引进多样的交通、沟通、通信控制和远程控制新方式。通过用人力代替自然力，这些方式极大地提高了生产效率。 因此，工业技术水平的提升是我们这个时代科学进步的必要因素，而科学则是社会进步的领航者。
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