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  3. Literature and Life In a reaction against a too-rigid, over-refined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have

Literature and Life In a reaction against a too-rigid, over-refined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have

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问题                                 Literature and Life
   In a reaction against a too-rigid, over-refined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of "life experience" as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey’s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through "doing" can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as "Teach the child, not the subject," they demand, without sensing its absurdity, an end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy bas been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.
   What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by re-creating life out of life, Aristotle that art presents universal truths be- cause its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world,
   We can soar with the writer to the heights of man’s aspirations, or plummeting with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O’Neill; all present starkly realistic portrayals of life’s problems. Reality? Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence
   Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination and frailty of Patrick White’s Australian pioneers?
   This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Addition- ally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems maybe suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders--and their sneering contempt for the law---did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.
   Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, "I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him. "But what of our dissenters? Can we overcome the disapproval of their "life experience classroom" theory of learning? We must start with the field of agreement--that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and open us to learning. We must convince them- in their own personal language perhaps--of the "togetherness" of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illuminates life. (578)
As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is ______.
选项 A、enrichment of our understanding of the past
B、broadening of our approaches to social problems
C、that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the past
D、that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone
答案D
解析 推理判断题。文中虽然没有明确指出学习这些伟大的文学作品最大的好处是什么，但是作者在第三、四段所表达的就是这样的意思，即读者可以随着书中的人物经历许多他们一生都不可能经历的事情，而且在第五段开头一句作者又重申This function of literature，the enlarging of our own life sphere，is of itself of major importance．可知D项应为正确答案。
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