首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Complete the flow chart below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Expertise in creative writing B
Complete the flow chart below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Expertise in creative writing B
admin
2014-11-08
35
问题
Complete the flow chart below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Expertise in creative writing
Background—researcher had previously studied 【L31】______
↓
Had initial idea for research—inspired by a book(the 【L32】______ of a famous novelist).
↓
Posed initial question—why do some people become experts whilst others don’t?
↓
Read expertise research in different fields.
Avoided studies conducted in a 【L33】______.because too controlled.
Most helpful studies-research into 【L34】______, e.g. waiting tables.
↓
Found participants: four true 【L35】______in creative writing (easy to find)and four with extensive experience.
↓
Using ’think aloud’ techniques, gathered 【L36】______data from inexperienced writer.(During session—assistant made 【L37】______recordings).
↓
Gathered similar data from experienced writers.
↓
Compared two data sets and generated a 【L38】______for analysis (Identified five major stages in writing—will be refined later).
↓
Got an expert 【L39】______to evaluate the quality of the different products.
↓
Identified the most effective 【L40】______of stages in producing text.
【L35】
Narrator: You will hear a psychology undergraduate describing the research she is currently doing on expertise in creative writing. First you have some time to look at Questions 31-40. Now listen, and answer Questions 31-40.
Student: For my short presentation today, I’m going to summarise the work I’ve done so far on my research project: to explore expertise in creative writing. Essentially, I’ll share with you the process I underwent to gather my interim findings.
First of all, I should give a little relevant background information about myself—before I started my current degree course in cognitive psychology, I studied English literature and, as you can imagine, this meant I spent a great deal of time thinking about the notion of creativity and what makes people develop into successful writers. However, the idea for this research project came from a very specific source —I became fascinated with the idea of what makes an expert creative writer when I read a well-known twentieth century writer’s autobiography. I won’t say which one, at this stage, because I think that might prejudice your interpretation! Anyway, this got me thinking about the different routes to expertise. Specifically I wondered why some people become experts at things whilst others fail to do so, in spite of the fact that they may be equally gifted and work equally hard.
I started to read about how other researchers had explored similar questions in other fields. I began to see a pattern— that those studies which involved research in a lab were too controlled for my purposes and I decided to avoid reading them. I was quite surprised to find that the clearest guidance for my topic came from investigations into what I call ’practical skills’ such as hairdressing or waiting tables. Most of these studies tended to use a similar set of procedures, which I eventually adopted for my own project.
Student: I’ll now explain what these procedures were. I decided to compare what inexperienced writers do with what experienced writers do. In order to investigate this, I looked for four people whom I regarded as real novices in this field—which proved easy ... perhaps unsurprisingly. It proved much harder to locate people with suitably extensive experience who were willing to take part in my study. I asked the first four to do a set writing task and as they wrote, to talk into a tape-recorder... a technique known as ’think aloud’ ... this was in order to get experimental data. Whilst they were doing this, a research assistant recorded them using video—I thought it might be helpful for me in my transcriptions later on. I then asked four experienced writers to do exactly the same task. After this, I made a comparison between the two sets of data and this helped me to produce a framework for analysis. In particular, I identified five major stages which all creative writers seem to go through when generating this genre of text. I think it was fairly effective but still needs some work ... so I intend to tighten this up later for use with subsequent data sets.
I then wanted to see whether experienced writers were actually producing the better pieces of writing. So I asked an editor, an expert in reviewing creative writing, to decide which were the best pieces of writing. This person put the eight pieces of work in order of quality—in rank order— and, using his evaluations, I was then able to work out which sequence of the five stages seemed to lead to the best quality writing.
Now my findings are by no means conclusive as this point... I still have a long way to go but if any of you have any questions, I’d be happy to answer them and ...
选项
答案
novices/beginners
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/l4AO777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Growinggrapesingreenhousescontainingairenrichedwithcarbondioxideincreasescropyields,aneffectthatisenhancedwhen
Tellmeaboutafamouspersonwhoyouparticularlyadmire.Youshouldsay:whothepersonis(was)andwhytheyare(were)famo
IntroductionandInterview(4-5minutes)Introduction(compulsory)Interview(choose1)Let’stalkaboutwhereyoul
IntroductionandInterview(4-5minutes)Introduction(compulsory)Interview(choose1)Let’stalkaboutwhereyou
IntroductionandInterviewInterview(choose1)Let’stalkaboutwhereyoulive.Whattypeofaccommodationdoyoul
Doyouthinkhistorymattersinacountry’sfuturedevelopment?
Youareacollegestudentwhoappliesforapart-timejobinashopduringthesummervacationWritealettertotheshopow
Manyyoungpeoplefindtheirfirstdaysathighschoolorcollegedifficultbecausetheyfeelverylonely.Whatdoyouthinkare
Insomesocieties,fashionisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinchoosingclothes.Whyisthisthecase?Doyouthinkitisap
Nowadays,moreandmoreworkcouldbecompletedbythemachineorrobotswithartificialintelligence.Dothepositiveeffectso
随机试题
酸枣仁汤主治
局域网中为登录域的计算机分配动态IP地址的服务器为()
经鼻胃管灌注要素饮食时病人最好取
拔除气管导管时的处理,不正确的是
设备安装工程进行联动试车时,承包人应在试车()书面通知工程师。
()的投资对象常常是风险较大的金融产品。
科尔伯将人们的学习周期分为四个不同阶段:思考、理论化、______和实践。
在学校环境中,学生的个别差异主要表现为()
很多单位现在多以送健康的名义让全体职工集体体检,而忽视个人健康的隐私性质;征兵体检要应征者集体全裸进行检查,使得个人产生了许多尴尬和不便;街头电话并肩连排,个人通话的内容无法保障;忽视病患者对病房环境的不同需要,有些医院的急诊观察室甚至将男女病人混合共处一
2015年,在郑州召开的以“人·生活·环境”为主题的产研合作以及城镇垃圾处理系统解决方案主题论坛上,原建设部总工程师、中国国际城市化发展战略研究委员会主任指出,垃圾无害化处理在城镇化进程中将迎来大量的投资需求以及市场机会,据不完全统计,随着城镇化的进程,我
最新回复
(
0
)