首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
admin
2020-03-30
91
问题
Civilizations
Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends on the constraints or advantages of their geographical situation. 【T1】
This, of course, will have been affected for centuries or even millennia by human effort. Every landscape bears the traces of this continuous and cumulative labour generation after generation contributing to the whole. So doing, humanity itself has been transformed by what the French historian Jules Michelet called ’the decisive shaping of self by self’, or(as Karl Marx put it)’the production of people by people ’
. To discuss civilization is to discuss space, land and its contours, climate, vegetation, animal species and natural or other advantages. It is also to discuss what humanity has made of these basic conditions: agriculture, stock-breeding, food, shelter, clothing, communications, industry and so on. 【T2】
The stage on which humanity’s endless dramas are played out partly determines their story-line and explains their nature. The cast will alter, but the set remain broadly the same.
For the expert on India, Hermann Goetz, there are two essential Indias. One is humid, with heavy rainfall, lakes, marshes, forests and jungles, aquatic plants and flowers—the land of people with dark skins. It contrasts with the dryer India of the Indo-Gangetic plain, plus the Deccan plateau—the home of lighter-skinned people, many of them warlike. India as a whole, in Goetz’s view, is a debate and a tug-of-war between these two contrasting areas and peoples. 【T3】
The natural and man-made environment, of course, can not predetermine everything. It is not all-powerful. But it greatly affects the inherent or acquired advantages of any given situation. To take inherent advantages, every civilization is born of immediate opportunities, rapidly exploited.
Thus in the dawn of time, river civilizations flourished in the old world: Chinese civilization along the Yellow River; pre-Indian along the Indus; Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian on the Euphrates and the Tigris Egyptian on the Nile. A Similar group of Vigorous civilizations developed in Northern Europe, around the Baltic and the North Sea—not to mention the Atlantic Ocean itself. Much of the West and its dependencies today, in fact, are grouped around that ocean, rather as Roman world of former times was grouped around the Mediterranean.
【T4】
These classic instances reveal above all the prime important of communications. No civilization can survive without mobility; all are enriched by trade and the stimulating impact of strangers.
Islam for instance, is inconceivable without the movement of its caravans across the ’dry seas’ of its deserts and steppes, without its expeditions in the Mediterranean and across the Indian Ocean as far as Malacca and China. 【T5】
Mentioning these achievements has already led us beyond the natural and immediate advantages which supposedly gave rise to civilizations. To overcome the steady winds of the Indian Ocean, or to dam a river—all that needed human effort, to enjoy advantages, or rather to create them.
【T1】
选项
答案
当然,几个世纪、甚至千年来人类的不息奋斗在影响着文明的特征。每一道风景都承载着一代又一代劳动人民源源不断积累的文化足迹。如果这么说的话,人类自身的转变就像法国历史学家Michelet所言,可以称之为“具有决定意义的自我完善”,或者(如马克思所言)“人类是生产劳动的创造者”。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/lBTO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattai
I’d______hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornott
Colorisveryimportanttomostanimalsforithelpsthemtogetalongintheworld.Color【C1】______tomakeananimaldifficult
Colorisveryimportanttomostanimalsforithelpsthemtogetalongintheworld.Color【C1】______tomakeananimaldifficult
A______translationisnotalwaystheclosesttotheoriginalmeaning.
Standardusageincludesthosewordsandexpressionsunderstood,used,andacceptedbyamajorityofthespeakersofalanguagei
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungpeoplearenot【C1】______theywere.Thesamecommentis【C2】______fromgenerationtog
即便是对中国所知不多的人,也听说过计划生育政策,这项政策限制大部分中国夫妇只能生一个孩子。上周,中国领导人表示将放宽计划生育政策,允许有一方为独生子女的夫妇生二胎。政策变化的原因在于中国正寻求解决人口迅速老龄化背后所隐现的劳工短缺问题。这一人口结构的变化也
中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。众所周知,中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。人们采用肉、蔬菜、豆制品等能做出各种美味食品,但往往耗时多。这一点与快节奏的现代社会极不相符。如今我们有了许多不同的选择:除传统家常菜外,还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。
尽管父母对孩子个性形成影响的程度很难判定,但父母无疑是孩子的榜样。正面影响会使孩子终身受益。孩子通过观察父母的言行学会如何行为和如何与他人交往。不论受多少正规教育,都无法取代父母的作用。等孩子长大时,他将尽力不辜负父母的期望。
随机试题
简述效率原则的保障制度。
在Excel2010中,若计算A2,B1,B2的和并将结果填充在C2单元格中,则可在C2中输入________。
女,15岁。烦躁,怕热,多汗,体重减轻2个月。查体:BP120/60mmHg,体型偏瘦,皮肤潮湿,手有细颤,轻微突眼,甲状腺弥漫性I度肿大,质地软,无触痛,可闻及轻度血管杂音,心率108次/分。经甲状腺功能检查确诊为Graves病,首选的治疗是
患者,男性,76岁。确诊糖尿病肾病3年,夜间阵发性呼吸困难1周,血压170/100mmHg,两肺底湿啰音,心率100次/分,双下肢水肿,血尿素氮35mmol/L,肌酐1210/μmol/L。此时最宜采取的治疗措施是
根据我国《合同法》的规定,下列属于合同的权利义务终止原因的有()。
安徽是中国旅游资源最丰富的省份之一,著名的“两山一湖”包括()。
TheWorld’sLoneliestPhoneBoothForalmost40years,alonephoneboothstoodintheMojaveDesert.about75milessouthw
民办职业教育_______了政府公共财政投入不足,_______了教育资源短缺,_______了职教体制机制创新,政府部门应通过完善顶层设计,加大扶持力度,推动民办职教发展。填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是:
A.Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenbuildingareputationandestablishingwhatwecallgoodwill.B.Wouldyouliketotell
Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.Thisis,however,a【C1】______.Nosch
最新回复
(
0
)