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  3. Materials scientists have created a small, wearable sensor that can read the molecular composition of sweat and send its results

Materials scientists have created a small, wearable sensor that can read the molecular composition of sweat and send its results

admin2019-08-08  31
问题    Materials scientists have created a small, wearable sensor that can read the molecular composition of sweat and send its results in real time to a smartphone. 【F1】The flexible plastic patches—which can be incorporated into wristbands and headbands—may be able to provide early warning of changes in the body, say their creators.
   【F2】"The idea is to have this thumbs-up or thumbs-down device that will give real-time information: it could provide an alarm that you need to take some medication, or that you’re getting dewatered and need to drink some water," says Ali Javey, at the University of California, Berkeley, who helped to develop the sensors. He and his colleagues report their work in Nature.
   Several labs have been developing sensors for sweat, which contains a multitude of electrolytes and metabolites—the final products of the body’s biological processes (for example, the lactic acid that builds up after exercise). But these sensors have tended to measure only one component of sweat at a time, and generally cannot transmit their measurements in real-time. 【F3】When the sensors come into contact with sweat they generate electrical signals that are amplified and filtered, and then recorded using skin temperature. This step is essential, says Javey. "Electrochemical sensors are very sensitive to temperature, and skin temperature can vary quite a bit when we are sweating." The data are then wirelessly transmitted to a smartphone.
   It’s an impressive achievement, says Jason Heikenfeld at the University of Cincinnati in Ohio, whose lab has also been developing wearable sweat sensors. "The sensors typically require electronics that are normally the size of a shoebox; they miniaturized them into something that can wrap around your wrist," he says. 【F4】The sensors have to be fabricated from basic chemicals in the laboratory, and cannot be purchased off the shelf like sensors found in today’s wearables, which measure heart rate and detect the body’s motion.
   Sweat sensors will never be as accurate as blood tests, which are the "gold standard", says Javey. 【F5】Our bodies closely control the molecular composition of our blood, but the content of our sweat is more variable and is sometimes influenced by germs on our skin—so the medical relevance of the information that sweat provides will need to be rigorously tested. However, sweat does have an advantage: taking blood samples with a needle is not a practical means of assessing health on a minute-by-minute basis.
【F5】
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答案我们的身体严密地控制血液里的分子结构，但我们汗液里的化学成分是多变的，有时还受皮肤上的细菌影响——所以，有关医学上汗液的信息都需要严格检验。
解析 ①本句篇幅较长，句子包含了两个分句，分句2包含了一个结果状语从句，结果状语从句中又嵌套了一个定语从句。②but引导的转折句中有一个并列连词and，主语都是the content of our sweat，此句意在表明汗液里的化学成分会变化，还会受皮肤上的细菌影响。③破折号后出现so引导的结果状语从句，是分句2主句中谓语动词发生的结果，说明因此汗液里有关医学上的信息都需要严格检验。在此结果状语从句中又有定语从句that sweat provides修饰先行词the medical relevance of the information。
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