首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
When most labor was agricultural, people generally toiled in the fields until they dropped. The idea of formal retirement did no
When most labor was agricultural, people generally toiled in the fields until they dropped. The idea of formal retirement did no
admin
2014-09-18
34
问题
When most labor was agricultural, people generally toiled in the fields until they dropped. The idea of formal retirement did not become feasible until work moved from farms to factories. In 1889 Otto von Bismarck famously introduced the world’s first pension scheme in Germany. In the 20th century, when universal suffrage became widespread, a period of retirement after work was seen as a mark of a civilized social democracy.
After the second world war pension provision increased markedly, but the number of elderly people was still quite small. In the 1970s and 1980s caring for them seemed easily affordable. Many countries even reduced their retirement ages.
The demographic picture looks different now that the baby-boomers are starting to retire. Europe and Japan are facing the biggest problems. The average dependency ratio in the European Union is already down to 3. 5, and is heading for 1.8 by 2050. Japan is on track for a startling 1.2. Since the average pensioner currently draws a total of about 60% of median earnings, from government and private sources, the system is likely to become unaffordable.
There are ways of reducing the burden. The current generation of workers could save more now. If they put more money into funded pension schemes, the extra saving might encourage more investment and thus boost economic growth. A wealthier society would find it easier to afford paying pensions. Countries with PAYG schemes could raise taxes now, reducing the deficit and thus the debt burden on the younger generations.
But more savings or higher taxation now would require those currently at work to defer consumption. They may not be willing to do so. And given the weakness of developed economies in the wake of the financial crisis, governments may not want to see consumption go down in the immediate future.
In the OECD public spending on pensions benefits has been growing faster than national output, rising from 6. 1% of GDP in 1990 to 7% in 2007. It is forecast to reach 11.4% of GDP by 2050. Those forecasts already take into account the planned rise in retirement ages and a likely drop in replacement ratios and thus assume that voters will approve of pension reform even as the baby-boomers become a potentially powerful voting block of retired people.
But that assumption may not be safe. Turnout in elections tends to be higher among the elderly than among the young. As Neil Howe and Richard Jackson of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC, have written: " In the 2020s young people in developed countries will have the future on their side. Elders will have the votes on theirs.
Neil Howe and Richard Jackson are quoted to
选项
A、imply the inaccuracy of the assumption.
B、support the author’s opinion.
C、remind people to value elders.
D、express the author’s feelings.
答案
B
解析
推断题。由题干直接定位至末段。该段首句是一个过渡句,对上一段末句的推测提出质疑,之后给出原因,即作者个人观点,最后引用两个人的话,可见引用部分说的是选举的事情,正好支持了作者在第二句提到的观点,显然,这里是用引证法作为论据说明论点,故B为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/lKTK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture,itsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreallyqui
Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases(1)______thet
Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases(1)______thet
_____Ilikeeconomics,Ilikesociologymuchbetter.[2003]
Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliti
Withincreasingprosperity,WesternEuropeanyouthishavingaflingthatiscreatingdistinctiveconsumerandculturalpatterns
Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmer
Peoplewhoworkinthetheatreareverysuperstitious,andthereareanumberofunusualsuperstitionsconnectedwiththetheatr
Thedoctorproposedthatshestayforonemoreweek,herdischargefromthehospital______lateron.
随机试题
阴道脱落细胞雌激素高度低落表现为
男性,65岁,做报告中突然左侧头痛,伴呕吐,右侧肢体无力,检查:BP195/120mmHg,昏睡,双眼向左侧凝视,右侧上下肢瘫,右侧Babinski征(+)最可能的诊断为
下列血细胞发育过程的一般规律描述正确的是
A.高位梗阻B.结肠梗阻C.绞窄性肠梗阻D.麻痹性肠梗阻E.不完全性肠梗阻血性呕吐物可见于()。
A.1年B.2年C.3年D.4年根据《麻醉药品和精神药品管理条例》的有关规定麻醉药品、第一类精神药品邮寄证明应保存()。
A公司系一合同纠纷仲裁案件的被申请人。仲裁裁决作出后,A公司向仲裁委员会所在地的中级人民法院提出撤销裁决的申请。同时申请人B公司则向中级法院提出执行申请。中级法院遂作出中止执行裁决的裁定。经过审查,法院未发现仲裁裁决具有法定的可被撤销的理由。此时,对仲裁裁
2007年2月20日,黄海公司销售一批材料给红星公司,同时收到红星公司签发并承兑的一张面值100000元,年利率7%、半年期、到期还本付息的票据。8月20日,红星公司发生财务困难,无法兑现票据,经双方协议,黄海公司同意红星公司以其普通股抵偿该票据。假设普
我国学校教育层次包括()。
WetsuitAwetsuitis【T1】______whowantto【T2】______.Wetsuitsareusuallywornbyswimmers,divers,or【T3】______.Wetsuitsh
社会风尚
最新回复
(
0
)