首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment an
Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment an
admin
2013-02-16
59
问题
Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention. Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts accumulate, they can be classified and generalized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful "axioms". This is what he meant by "induction".
Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method, Bacon’s conception of what facts and theories are and of the relationship between them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own time. The most important early scientific discoveries — such as those made by Galileo about the movement of the earth, by Keppler about the elliptical shape of planetary orbits, and later by Newton about the "force" of gravity — could never have been made if Bacon’s rules had prevailed.
Determined to avoid all premature speculations, Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or another. Plain facts, properly arranged, would automatically lead to certain knowledge of the universe. Nothing could be more misrepresentative of the actual problem-solving techniques of the scientific method. That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacon’s own acceptance of the errors contained in what appeared to be the most "obvious" of facts. For Bacon, that the earth did not move was a fact because it could be seen not to move; and for Bacon it was a fact that life was being spontaneously generated because maggots always developed in putrid flesh and frogs appeared after every rain.
What is clear is that the great breakthroughs of Newton, Darwin, or Marx could never have been achieved solely on the basis of Baconian fact gathering. Facts are always unreliable without theories which guide their collection and which distinguish between superficial and significant appearances.
Spontaneous generation of life______.
选项
A、was a known fact in Bacon’s time
B、is verified by maggots in putrid flesh
C、is more apparent than real
D、is a speculation which has no basis in observation
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacon’sown acceptance of the errors contained in what appeared to be the most“obvious”of facts.”可知,培根自身已经接受似乎最“显而易见”的事实中包含的错误,很明显,普通的事实本身没有为自己辩护。据此推断,答案是C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/lTmO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshavecomeabout_____.
Changesinartandculturalhistoryhaveneverbeeneasytoassimilatetopoliticaloreconomicchanges.Butperhapswehaveeno
OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderst
Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformco
InreadingthepagesofScience,Ihavebeenstruckbythestunningprogressbeingmadeinscienceandengineeringnewphenomena
InreadingthepagesofScience,Ihavebeenstruckbythestunningprogressbeingmadeinscienceandengineeringnewphenomena
Thewordscienceisheardsooften,inmodemtimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,its
WhenDanielFranklin,apoliticalscienceprofessorfromAtlanta,neededcareeradvancementadvice,hedidn’tturntocolleagues
WhenDanielFranklin,apoliticalscienceprofessorfromAtlanta,neededcareeradvancementadvice,hedidn’tturntocolleagues
随机试题
气体的压力实质是大量分子无规则频繁碰撞容器壁所产生的平均作用力。()
与新民主主义时期三种不同性质的主要经济成分相联系,中国社会的阶级构成主要有工人阶级、农民阶级和其他小资产阶级、民族资产阶级等,他们是新民主主义社会基本的阶级力量。这三种基本的经济成分及与之相联系的三种基本的阶级力量之间的矛盾,集中表现为()
肺痈成痈期的病理是
甲向乙借款5000元,乙平时与甲关系甚好不便拒绝,便说现金不够,3天后再来取,3天以后,乙避而不见,下列表达中正确的有()。
如果拉力F=8×105N时,则按螺栓抗剪承载力设计时,至少需( )个螺栓。如上图所示采用双行错列排列,其中线距e1=55mm,e2=90mm,端距50mm,栓距70mm时,摩擦型螺栓在该连接中的承载力设计值与下列( )项值接近。
关于久期分析,下列说法正确的是()。
我国教育目的的理论基础是______。
1839年6月,林则徐将缴获英美走私贩的大量鸦片,在虎门海滩当众销毁。英国借端对中国发动了鸦片战争。1842年8月,清政府屈辱求和,被迫与英国签订了()。
TheEnglishword"veto"means"Iwillnotpermit".Itisawayforonememberofagrouporgovernmentto【C1】______actionbyo
A、Readthewoman’sletter.B、VisitJeffinAlaska.C、WritetoJeff.D、Mailaletterforthewoman.CW:LookIgotaletterfrom
最新回复
(
0
)