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  3. For years, sports fanatics have turned to statistics to help them gauge the relative strength or weaknesses of different teams,

For years, sports fanatics have turned to statistics to help them gauge the relative strength or weaknesses of different teams,

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问题    For years, sports fanatics have turned to statistics to help them gauge the relative strength or weaknesses of different teams, though some have been more amenable to the process than others. Baseball and football, for example, seem to have a statistic for every action that occurs on the field of play, with different players ranked and rated by their numbers. International football, aka soccer on the other hand has generally defied such attempts due to their being far fewer things to measure with the sport and the continuity of play.
   That may change however, as mathematicians Javier Lopez Pena and Hugo Touchette of University College and Queen Mary University respectively, have applied network theory to the unique style of play of the European Championship 2012 victor, Spain. And as they describe in the paper they’ ve uploaded to the preprint server arXiv, the graphic that results gives some clues as to why the team is considered one of the best of all time.
   Anyone who has watched the Spanish team knows that their style of play is different from other teams. It’ s been given a name by fans: tiki-taka. It’ s all about quick passes and exquisite teamwork. But trying to describe what the team does only leads to superlatives, which don’ t really get to the heart of the matter. To help, Pena and Touchette turned to network theory, which makes sense, because soccer is played as a network of teammates working efficiently together.
   The two used a simple drawing depicting players as nodes and their relationship to one another on the team, the amount of passing that is done between them, the way it is done and to whom, as lines between the nodes.
   What shows up in the drawing first, is what everyone already knows, namely, that the team passes the ball among its players a lot. More than a lot actually. In one match during 2010’s World Cup between Spain and the Netherlands, the Spanish players out-passed their opponent 417 to 266. The drawing also highlights the fact that two players on the team are " well connected" i.e. easy for others to get to, versus just one for the opponent.
   In many ways the graphic confirms what most suspect, that Spain wins more because it relies more on precise teamwork rather than the special skills of one or two superstars.
What, according to the text, has long been employed as a means of related assessment?
选项 A、The nicknames of sports fanatics.
B、The amenable tendency of each team.
C、The collection of information shown in numbers.
D、The relative strength or weakness of the process.
答案C
解析 这是一道细节信息题。借助于本题题干中的副词“long(长期以来)”可以把本题的答案信息来源确定在本文首段的第一句话，因为此句中的状语“For years(多年以来)”在含义上与题干中的“long”一词相同。首段第一句的主句是“For years，sports fanatics have turned to statistics to help them gauge the relative strength or weaknesses of different teams(多年来，体育迷们借助统计学来帮助他们评估不同球队的相对长处或弱点)”，由此判断，选项C“The collection of information shown in numbers(以数字展示的信息收集)”应为本题的正确答案。解答本题时应该先抓住本题题干中的状语“long(长期以来)”，否则就容易迷失解题方向。
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