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  3. Henry Kissinger published an article in the June 2018 Atlantic Monthly detailing his belief artificial intelligence (AI) threate

Henry Kissinger published an article in the June 2018 Atlantic Monthly detailing his belief artificial intelligence (AI) threate

admin2021-02-21  76
问题    Henry Kissinger published an article in the June 2018 Atlantic Monthly detailing his belief artificial intelligence (AI) threatens to be a problem for humanity—probably an existential problem.
   He joins Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Stephen Hawking and others who have come out to declare the dangers of AI. The difference is, unlike those scientists and technologists, the former secretary of State speaks with great authority to a wider audience that includes policy makers and political leaders, and so could have a much greater influence.
   And that’s not a good thing. There’s a widespread lack of precision in how we describe AI that is giving rise to a significant apprehension on its use in self-driving cars, automated farms, drone airplanes and many other areas where it could be extremely useful. In particular, Kissinger commits the same error many people do when talking about AI: the so-called conflation error. In this case the error comes about when the success of AI programs in defeating humans in games such as chess and go are conflated with similar successes that might be achieved with AI programs used in supply chain management or claims adjustments or other, more futuristic areas.
   But the two situations are very different. The rules of games like chess and go are prescriptive, somewhat complicated and never change. They are, in the context of AI, "well bounded." A book teaching chess or go written 100 years ago is still relevant today. Training an AI to play one of these games takes advantage of this "boundedness" in a variety of interesting ways, including letting the AI decide how it will play.
   Now, however, imagine the rules of chess could change randomly at any time in any location: Chess on Tuesdays in Chicago has one set of rules but in Moscow there are a different set of rules on Thursdays. Chess players in Mexico use a completely different board, one for each month of the year. In Sweden the role for each piece can be decided by a player even after the game starts. In a situation like this it’s obviously impossible to write down a single set rules that everyone can follow at all times in all locations.
   AI is today being applied to business systems like claims and supply chains that, by their very nature, are unbounded. It is impossible to write down all the rules an AI has to follow when adjudicating an insurance claim or managing the supply chain, even for something as simple as bubblegum. The only way to train an AI to manage one of these is to feed it massive amounts of data on all the myriad processes and companies that make up an insurance claim or a simple supply chain. We then hope the AI can do the job—not just efficiently, but also ethically.
Kissinger’s words exert greater influence because of______.
选项 A、his personal charm
B、his noble position
C、his high prestige
D、his political power
答案C
解析 事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第二段。原文指出，与那些科学家和技术专家不同的是，这位前国务卿对包括政策制定者和政治领袖在内的更广泛的听众具有极大的权威性，因此可以产生更大的影响力，prestige为authority的同义替换词，故C项为正确选项。
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