首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about mo
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about mo
admin
2013-01-20
33
问题
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
71.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
72.
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
73.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his problem with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.
Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $ 10. 2 billion bid by Norfolk ’Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $ 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
选项
答案
支持组建超大型铁路集团的人们认为,兼并将带来成本的大幅降低、服务项目的更好协调。他们认为,在公路运输的激烈竞争面前,垄断的威胁已经不复存在。但许多客户却抱怨说,对于依赖长途运输的大宗商品来说,如煤炭、化学制品和粮食,由于公路运输花费太大,这样铁路公司就会“掐他们的脖子”。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/la2O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
LikemostotherAmericancompanieswitharigid____,workersandmanagershavestrictlydefinedduties.
Americansarehighly_____,andthereforemayfinditdifficulttobecomedeeplyinvolvedwithothers.
The19th-centuryBritishAristocracyTheBritisharistocracyhadalwaysbeeninvolvedinindustrialization,especiallyinth
TheproblemofpollutionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressisin_____againnextspring.
Pupilsoftenwanttositnexttotheirparticularfriendandmanyclassroomactivitiesinvolvemovingabout,butevenrelatively
(51)Beingangryincreasestheriskofinjury,especiallyamongmen,newresearchsays.Theresearchersgathereddataonmor
ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill_____inpresentingtheseriesoflecturesonAmericanliterature.
Theteacher______expectshisstudentstopasstheuniversityentranceexamination______.
Directadvertingincludesallformsofsalesappeals,mailed,delivered,orexhibiteddirectlytotheprospectivebuyerofanad
随机试题
在定量统计分析方法的选择中,适用于百分比的数据资料是()
Justastheolderbankemphasizeditsstrength,thisbankbyitsarchitectureboastsofimaginativepowers.
IgG经胃蛋白酶水解后可得到
1994年12月1日下午1时许,××地质学院家属××在挖冬贮菜窖时发现一口大缸,内有一“铜桶”(实际上铅罐),打开桶盖螺丝后,发现桶内有铅和石蜡,石蜡中有一用绳子拴着的“铜棒”(实际上是放射源)。在场人员以为发现了“宝物”,便取出相互传看,有人还用牙齿咬。
氨基转移酶催化反应的底物是
需求弹性大的通信产品,对价格变动十分敏感。()
下列属于我国自行研制的全球卫星定位与通信系统的是:
教师在对抑郁质的学生进行批评教育时,应采取含蓄的方式,尽量避免在公开场合指责或批评他们。()
Sociologistsuse"power"torefertothecapacityofpeopletocontrolorinfluencetheactionsofothers.Sociologistsstudypo
A、Thefirstgroup.B、Thesecondgroup.C、Thelastgroup.D、Allthethreegroups.AWhichgroupofmiceisthehealthiestamongth
最新回复
(
0
)