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  3. New Understanding of Natural Silk’s Mysteries Natural silk, as we all know, has a strength that manmade materials have long

New Understanding of Natural Silk’s Mysteries Natural silk, as we all know, has a strength that manmade materials have long

admin2014-01-28  71
问题                 New Understanding of Natural Silk’s Mysteries
    Natural silk, as we all know, has a strength that manmade materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverh than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are inherently very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.
    Most materials—especially the ones we engineer for strength—get their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength(pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesn’t seem that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent bonds found in other molecules.
    To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.
    The result is that natural silks can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that’s all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce(requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).
    By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes, think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk—like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.
It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.
选项 A、Right
B、Wrong
C、Not mentioned
答案A
解析 根据文章根据最后一段最后两句话可知，麻省理工学院研究小组已经在实验室利用比蚕丝还结实的材料(比如碳纳米管)研究合成类似蚕丝一样的结构。超级蚕丝即将出现，题目说文章暗示，比天然蚕丝更坚韧的材料有望在未来出现。
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