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  3. We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don’t move, they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to re

We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don’t move, they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to re

admin2015-11-11  42
问题     We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don’t move, they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to nothing—at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.
    Over the years, scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.
In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.
    The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(侵害)by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.
    The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called HexVic. When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
    It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.
The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by______.
选项 A、making more HexVic to attract the pest
B、releasing HexVic into the air to warn them
C、letting them know how to produce HexVic
D、producing enough HexVic to kill the pest
答案D
解析 细节题。定位到倒数第二段，暴露在pest之下的植物更多地产生了一种叫HexVic的化学物质，这种化学物质会使得害虫的存活率下降17％。因此本题的最佳答案为D。
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