首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuma
A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuma
admin
2017-11-20
49
问题
A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language.
The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals.
Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates.
Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and
converging
evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies.
It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communication.
Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple components of speech and language.
The word "converging" (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to_____.
选项
A、assembling
B、deviating
C、converting
D、convicting
答案
A
解析
根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段第二句。此句中提到了both diverging and con verging evolutionary processes,由逻辑关系词both…and…可推测converge与diverge是相 似或者意思相近的词。diverge意为“分化,分歧”,由此推测converge意为“融合,汇合”,故 A项assemble“集合,聚集”是正确答案。B项deviating“偏离,违背”、C项converting“转变, 转换”和D项convicting“证明……有罪”均不符合题意,故选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/lzBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
TheU.S.systemofhighereducationiswidelyconsideredtheworld’sbest.Acollegeeducation【C1】______substantialbenefits—abo
TheU.S.systemofhighereducationiswidelyconsideredtheworld’sbest.Acollegeeducation【C1】______substantialbenefits—abo
TheU.S.systemofhighereducationiswidelyconsideredtheworld’sbest.Acollegeeducation【C1】______substantialbenefits—abo
AnyAmericanwhohasboughtapackofcigarettessincethemid-’60smighthaveseenthehealthwarnings.Itsays,"SURGEONGENER
ScientistshavediscoveredapowerfulantibioticinthebloodstreamofgiantpandasthatcandestroybacteriaTheChineseresea
Ifyouhavehighbloodpressure,you’reingood【C1】______.Hypertensionaffects67millionAmericans,includingnearlytwo-third
Ifyouhavehighbloodpressure,you’reingood【C1】______.Hypertensionaffects67millionAmericans,includingnearlytwo-third
Lookatyoursmartphone.Thinkaboutthedecisionsyouwillmakeonittoday.Youmaysnatchadinner【C1】______,tellyourspous
Lookatyoursmartphone.Thinkaboutthedecisionsyouwillmakeonittoday.Youmaysnatchadinner【C1】______,tellyourspous
Lookatyoursmartphone.Thinkaboutthedecisionsyouwillmakeonittoday.Youmaysnatchadinner【C1】______,tellyourspous
随机试题
心电图上R-R间期绝对规则,频率200次/分,QRS波群时限为0.08秒,最可能的诊断是
周围血管征的发生机理是()
关于记忆及记忆障碍,哪种说法是错误的
【案情】顾某(中国籍)常年居住M国,以丰厚报酬诱使徐某(另案处理)两次回国携带毒品甲基苯丙胺进行贩卖。2014年3月15日15时,徐某在B市某郊区交易时被公安人员当场抓获。侦查中徐某供出了顾某。我方公安机关组成工作组按照与该国司法协助协定赴该国侦
旅游者要求转递的物品中若有(),导游人员应婉言拒绝,请其自行处理。
构建具有我国本土特色的社会工作价值体系时,应考虑我国的社会背景和社会意识形态,避免过分注重眼前利益的( )。
阅读下面的文字,完成下列问题“淡”是人生最深的滋味蒋醺(台湾)
若∫df(x)=∫dg(x),则下列结论中,错误的是().
Whatistheannouncementmainlyabout?
Attheageof12,thehumanbodyisatitsmostvigorous.Ithasyettoreachitsfullsizeand【T1】______,anditsownergetshi
最新回复
(
0
)