首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Saving Nature, But Only Man Environmental Necessities and Environmental Luxuries A)Environmental sensitivity is now as required
Saving Nature, But Only Man Environmental Necessities and Environmental Luxuries A)Environmental sensitivity is now as required
admin
2017-01-20
54
问题
Saving Nature, But Only Man
Environmental Necessities and Environmental Luxuries
A)Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or aversion to nylon. But now that everyone has claims to love Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, restrictions, projects, regulations and laws advanced in the name of the environment? Clearly not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How to choose?
B)There is a simple way. First, distinguish between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Then apply a rule. Call it the fundamental principle of sensible environmentalism: Combating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury. For example: preserving the atmosphere, by both protecting the ozone layer and halting the greenhouse effect, is an environmental necessity. In April scientists reported that ozone damage is far worse than previously thought. Ozone reduction not only causes skin cancer and eye cataracts(白内障), it also destroys plankton(浮游生物), the beginning of the food chain on top which we humans sit.
C)The reality of the greenhouse effect is more speculative, though its possible consequences are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disturbed climate, dried up plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds the world. Are we prepared to see Iowa acquire Albuquerque’s climate? And Siberia acquire Iowa’s? Ozone reduction and the greenhouse effect are human disasters. They happen to occur in the environment. But they are urgent because they directly threaten man. A sensible environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will win universal public support, begins by unashamedly declaring that nature is here to serve man. A sensible environmentalism is entirely man-centered: it calls for man to preserve nature, but on the grounds of self-preservation.
A Sensible Environmentalism Does Not Sentimentalize the Earth
D)A sensible environmentalism does not sentimentalize the earth. It does not ask people to sacrifice in the name of other creatures. After all, it is hard enough to ask people to sacrifice in the name of other humans.(Think of the public resistance to foreign aid and welfare.)Ask hardworking voters to sacrifice in the name of snail darter(蜗牛鱼), and, if they are feeling polite, they will give you a shrug.
E)Of course, this man-centeredness runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that worships the earth to the point of excess. One scientific theory—Gaia theory—actually claims that Earth is a living organism. This kind of environmentalism likes to consider itself spiritual. It is nothing more than sentimental. It takes, for example, a highly selective view of the kindliness of nature. My nature worship stops with the May storms that killed more than 125,000 Bengalis and left 10 million homeless.
F)A non-sentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagoras principle that " Man is the measure of all things". Such a principle helps us to fight our way through the jungle of environmental argument. Take the current debate raging over oil drilling in a corner of the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge. Environmentalists, fighting against a bill working its way through Congress to permit such exploration, argue that we should be conserving energy instead of drilling for it. This is a false either/or proposition. The country does need a substantial energy tax to reduce consumption. But it needs more production, too. Government estimates indicate a nearly fifty-fifty chance that under the ANWR lies one of the five largest oil fields ever discovered in America.
G)We have just come through a war fought in part over oil: Energy dependence costs Americans not just dollars but lives. It is a ridiculous sentimentalism that would deny ourselves oil that is peacefully attainable because it risks disrupting the breeding grounds of Arctic reindeer(驯鹿). I like the reindeer as much as the next man. And I would be rather sorry if their mating patterns are disturbed. But you cannot have everything. And if the choice is between the welfare of reindeer and reducing oil dependence that gets people killed in wars, I choose man over reindeer every time.
H)Similarly the spotted owl. I am no enemy of the owl. If it could be preserved at no or little cost, I would agree: the variety of nature is a good, a high aesthetic(美学的)good. But it is no more than that. And sometimes aesthetic goods have to be sacrificed to the more fundamental ones. If the cost of preserving the spotted owl is the loss of livelihood for 30,000 logging families, I choose family over owl. Man Is the Master of Nature
I)The important distinction is between those environmental goods that are fundamental and those that are merely aesthetic. Nature is our charge. It is not our master. It is to be respected and even cultivated. But it is man’s world. And when man has to choose between his well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate.
J)Man should accommodate only when his fate and that of nature are bound up together. The most urgent accommodation must be made when the very integrity of man’s environment—e. g. : atmospheric ozone— is threatened. When the threat to man is of a lesser order(say, the pollutants form coal- and oil-fired generators that cause death from disease but not fatal damage to the ecosystem), a more moderate accommodation that balances economic against health concerns is in order. But in either case the principle is the same: protect the environment—because it is man’s environment. The sentimental environmentalists will call this saving nature with a totally wrong frame of mind. Exactly. A sensible—a humanistic—environmentalism does it not for nature’s sake but for our own.
It is necessary to protect the ozone layer because ozone reduction damages the beginning of the food chain.
选项
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/m1i7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Globalwarmingmayornotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but—regardlessofweatheritisorisn’t—wewo
Globalwarmingmayornotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but—regardlessofweatheritisorisn’t—wewo
Globalwarmingmayornotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but—regardlessofweatheritisorisn’t—wewo
Globalwarmingmayornotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but—regardlessofweatheritisorisn’t—wewo
A、Setagoodexampleforotherpeople.B、Helptoincreasepeople’senvironmentalprotectionawareness.C、Devotehimselftoprote
A、Quittheirjobsatthesametime.B、Takeanadventuroustripwiththeirsavings.C、Enrichtheirpoorknowledgeinbusiness.D、
Duringthenineteenthcentury,whenlittlewasknownaboutenvironmental-ismandconservation,itwascommontohearpeopleinE
随机试题
领导活动的基本特征包括___、____、____。
患者男,46岁。车祸致颅脑外伤,左侧硬膜外血肿,手术3周后,意识恢复,现患者颅内压增高,偶可见癫痫发作,查体见右上肢屈肌痉挛,右下肢伸肌痉挛。对于颅内压增高的处理不正确的是
A.头孢西丁B.亚胺培南C.氨曲南D.拉氧头孢E.克拉维酸属于单酰胺菌素类()。
关于急性肾小球肾炎的叙述,正确的是
设备工程项目由多方投资的,其投资实体是( )。
()是理财师制定客户个人财务规划的基础和根据。
甲公司为增值税一般纳税人,适用的增值税税率为17%,所得税税率为25%,假定销售商品,原材料和提供劳务均符合收入确认条件,其成本在确认收入时逐笔结转,商品、原材料售价中不含增值税。2013年甲公司发生如下交易或事项:(1)3月2日,向乙公司销售商
学习过程中常用的精细加工策略有()
思想高尚的人,不会做偷鸡摸狗之事;思想龌龊的人,不可能成就惊天动地的事业。播种一种观念就收获一种行为,播种一种行为就收获一种习惯,播种一种习惯就收获一种命运。要改变命运,就要先改变行为;要改变行为,先要改变思想,解放思想。这是因为()。
【《古兰经》】南京农业大学2014年历史学基础真题;天津师范大学2017年世界史真题
最新回复
(
0
)