2. 外语
  3. Native Americans probably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several millennia, crossing a plain hundreds miles wide tha

Native Americans probably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several millennia, crossing a plain hundreds miles wide tha

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问题      Native Americans probably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several millennia, crossing a plain hundreds miles wide that now lies inundated by 160 feet of water released by melting glaciers. For several periods of time, the first beginning around 60,000 B.C. and the last ending around 7,000 B. C. , this land bridge was open. The first people traveled in the dusty trails of the animals they hunted. They brought with them not only their families, weapons, and tools but also a broad metaphysical understanding, sprung from dreams and visions and articulated in myth and song, which complemented their scientific and historical knowledge of the lives of animals and of people. All this they shaped in a variety of languages, bringing into being oral literatures of power and beauty.
    Contemporary readers, forgetting the origins of western epic, lyric, and dramatic forms, are easily disposed to think of "literature" only as something written. But on reflection it becomes clear that the more critically useful as well as the more frequently employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal creation, not its mode of presentation. Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation, because some significant verbal achievement results from the struggle in words between tradition and talent. Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner vision in some skillfully crafted public verbal form.
     Of course, the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are not without consequences for an understanding of Native American literature. The essential difference is that a speech event is an evolving communication, an "emergent form", the shape, functions, and aesthetic values of which become more clearly realized over the course of tile performance. In performing verbal art, the performer assumes responsibility for the manner as well as the content of the performance, while the audience assumes the responsibility for evaluating the performer’s competence in both areas. It is this intense mutual engagement that elicits the display of skill and shapes the emerging performance. Where written literature provides us with a tradition of texts, oral literature offers a tradition of performances.
Which of the following is NOT true of the Native American literature discussed in the passage?
选项 A、It involves acting.
B、It has ancient origins.
C、It has a set form.
D、It expresses an inner vision.
答案C
解析 细节判断题。文章谈论的主要是美洲文学的起源、发展和形式。根据第三段第二句“a speech event is an evolving communication"可知，口头文学涉及动作acting。因此，A选项不能选。文章第一段谈到美洲文学很早就起源于亚洲人的迁徙。因此，B选项也不能选。第二段最后一句提到"shape out a compelling inner vision"，因此，D选项也不能选。只有C选项中“固定的形式”没有提到，因此是正确答案。
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