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  3. Experts have long known that children imitate many of the deeds—good and bad—that they see on television. But it has rarely been

Experts have long known that children imitate many of the deeds—good and bad—that they see on television. But it has rarely been

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问题     Experts have long known that children imitate many of the deeds—good and bad—that they see on television. But it has rarely been shown that changing a young child’s viewing habits at home can lead to improved behavior.
    In a study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics, researchers reported the results of a program designed to limit the exposure of preschool children to violence-laden videos and television shows and increase their time with educational programming that encourages empathy. They found that the experiment reduced the children’s aggression toward others, compared with a group of children who were allowed to watch whatever they wanted.
    "Here we have an experiment that proposes a potential solution," said Thomas Robinson, a professor of pediatrics at Stanford, who was not involved in the study. "Giving this intervention— exposing kids to less adult television, less aggression on television and more prosocial television— will have an effect on behavior."
    While the research showed "a small to moderate effect" on the preschoolers’ behavior, he added, the broader public health impact could be "very meaningful."
    The new study was a randomized trial, rare in research on the effects of media on children. The researchers, at Seattle Children’s Research Institute and the University of Washington, divided 565 parents of children ages 3 to 5 into two groups. Both were told to track their children’ s media consumption in a diary that the researchers assessed for violent, didactic and prosocial content, which they defined as showing empathy, helping others and resolving disputes without violence.
    The control group was given advice only on better dietary habits for children. The second group of parents were sent program guides highlighting positive shows for young children. They also received newsletters encouraging parents to watch television with their children and ask questions during the shows about the best ways to deal with conflict. The parents also received monthly phone calls from the researchers, who helped them set television-watching goals for their preschoolers.
    The researchers surveyed the parents at six months and again after a year about their children’ s social behavior. After six months, parents in the group receiving advice about television-watching said their children were somewhat less aggressive with others, compared with those in the control group. The children who watched less violent shows also scored higher on measures of social competence, a difference that persisted after one year.
    Low-income boys showed the most improvement, though the researchers could not say why. Total viewing time did not differ between the two groups.
    "The key message for parents is it’s not just about turning off the TV; it’s about changing the channel," said Dr. Dimitri Christakis, the lead author of the study and a professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington.
    The new study has limitations, experts noted. Data on both the children’s television habits and their behavior was reported by their parents, who may not be objective. And the study focused only on media content in the home, although some preschool-aged children are exposed to programming elsewhere.
    [A]their children behaved less aggressively.
    [B]their children are more aggressive than others.
    [C]children show less violent actions after they watch less aggressive TV programs.
    [D]they had better turn off the TV.
    [E]they were not only sent program guides about positive shows for children but also received newsletters telling them how to deal with conflict.
    [F]they should move to another channel.
    [G]parents may be somewhat subjective.
The second group of parents were different from the first one because
选项
答案E
解析 根据题干关键词The second group of parents定位到第六段。段落首句介绍The control group被给的指导，接着提到The second group of parents were sent program guides high-lighting positive shows for young children．They also received newsletters…。因此，第二组收到的指导要多于第一组，E项“他们不仅收到了关于孩子观看积极内容的指导，还收到了如何处理冲突的实时简报”是对这两句话的概括总结，点明了与第一组的不同，为正确答案。
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