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  3. Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. (31) But to a far greater extent tha

Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. (31) But to a far greater extent tha

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问题    Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. (31) But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ 60 percent of the workforce and are expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000．Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past 6 years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200, 000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.  
   Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. (32) Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor(欣赏) the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeepers and receptionists, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to disappear in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. (33) Most credited their success in large’ part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.   
   Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’s health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. (34) They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that means the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.  
   Frequent checks of your firm’s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. (35) To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer the new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot ideas.   
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答案中层管理人员，在公司被并购或重组中被迫离开公司，并为了生计另找出路时，可能会产生自己做老板的念头，却忽略了企业家也必须至少在一个时期内当记账员或接待员。
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