首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed form. And y
At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed form. And y
admin
2016-03-10
54
问题
At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed form. And yet, the company that just published my textbook tells me that about 90 percent of students who buy my book choose to lug around the four-pound paper version rather than purchase the weightless e-book. So why would students opt for the pricier and more cumbersome version? Is the library missing something important about the nature of printed versus electronic books?
Cognitive research shows that the way we read varies widely in different settings, with text acting as a prompt for very different kinds of mental pursuits. While reading, it’s possible, among other things, to generate strong visual images based on the text, to marshal arguments against the author’s main point, to speculate about the motivations of characters, to connect the text to personal experiences, to form an opinion, or to notice the sensory and aesthetic qualities of the text, to name just a few. Not all of these take place every time you read, so there is not just one activity called "reading," done either poorly or well.
A growing body of research shows that the same information can trigger very different thoughts depending on the cognitive goals that people have in mind. Readers can be instructed to create vivid imagery or to learn over time to make deeper inferences, both of which lead to better retention of the material they’ve read. And when readers are told to form an impression of people they’re reading about rather than to read for the purpose of memorizing the text, they organize the information from the text less haphazardly and are able to recall more of it.
Cognitive goals can also be unintentionally triggered by cues that never even enter a reader’s awareness. So, just as people can be told to form an impression of a character they read about, they can also be prompted to unconsciously pursue the same goal. In one study, researchers asked people to unscramble sentences that contained words like evaluate, judgment, and personality before reading excerpts about a character. In another, these words were subliminally(潜意识地)flashed at subjects before they took part in the reading task. In both of these studies, simply seeing words related to the goal of character assessment affected readers in much the same way as asking them explicitly to judge character.
The emerging research on cognitive goals and their triggers offers an intriguing way to think about why reading the same text in different formats or even styles of presentation might engage the mind in such different ways. A hard-copy textbook—including its four-pound heft—may serve as a powerful cue that sets off cognitive activities that are very distinct from those that are involved in reading your Twitter feed or thumbing through a paperback romance novel. Through its lifelong associations with classrooms and the intellectual calisthenics(健美体操)that take place there, a physical tome may spark a self-analytical frame of mind, prompting you to take stock of your understanding, re-reading passages to fill in gaps, and constantly " testing" yourself on your mastery of the material.
The research should also motivate publishers—especially of online text—to think deeply about how elements of presentation and design can serve as signals to nudge the reader into the mental activities that do justice to the text. For example, an online literary mag that looks like a page from BuzzFeed may leave readers with limp, unsatisfying experiences simply because it’s too hard to arouse the contemplative and sensory goals that lead to properly savoring its content. The magazine needs to signal that a different kind of reading is called for, perhaps by borrowing some of the elements that poets have long used to cue readers to pay close attention to the language of a poem: stripping away graphic distractions, formatting text sparsely and unconventionally, and surrounding it with generous swaths of empty space.
Understanding how reading works means abandoning the idea that the presentation of a text is as inconsequential as whether a plate of food is served with a sprig of decorative parsley. In fact, the packaging of text likely contains rich implicit instructions for what we do with it.
What suggestion does the author make in Paragraph 6?
选项
A、Publishers need to pay attention to the importance of text formats.
B、Literary texts should not be presented on websites like BuzzFeed.
C、Webpages cannot trigger complicated mental activities.
D、Online texts should be arranged the way like a poem.
答案
A
解析
细节题。第六段首句提到,上述研究可供出版界,尤其是在线出版物借鉴的是,如何呈现文章才能符合激发读者适当阅读活动的要求,文中elements of presentation和design等都表示文章的呈现方式,故答案为[A]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/nB7O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Animationmeansmakingthingswhicharelifelesscomeliveandmove.Sinceearliesttimes,peoplehavealwaysbeen【M1】______fa
HowtoEnsureSurvivalintheCollegeDormLifeincollegedormcanbehard,especiallyforthefirst-years.HereShahJ.Ch
HowtoEnsureSurvivalintheCollegeDormLifeincollegedormcanbehard,especiallyforthefirst-years.HereShahJ.Ch
Agoodmodernnewspaperisanextraordinarypieceofreading.Itisremarkablefirstforwhatitcontains:therangeofnewsf
WiththeclosureofWorldExpo2010inShanghai,manypeoplearestillarguingtheimpactofhostingWorldExpoontheblending
BiancaSforzaattractedfewstareswhenintroducedtotheartworldonJanuary30,1998.Shewasjustaprettyfaceinaframet
Stoppingcigarettesmokinghasbecomeabigproblemforallgovernments.Indemocraticcountries,theeconomicstrengthofthe
A、Thenatureofwork.B、Officedecoration.C、Officelocation.D、Workprocedures.B面试官问MissGreen:“从就业部到广告公司,你的工作一定有所改变,不是吗?”Miss
A、Toimprovementalhealth.B、Topromoteuniversalhealthcare.C、Toprovidecleanwater.D、Toestablishwholesomesocialrelati
随机试题
除__外均为甾体皂苷和强心苷共有的反应
已知A、BI作的紧后工作为C、D,其持续时间分别为3天、4天、2天、5天,A、B工作的最早开始时间为第6天、4天,则D工作的最早完成时间为第()。
只有现值没有终值的年金是()。
纳税人提供的下列劳务中,按照开发或完成的进度确认收入实现的有()。
德育过程是对学生知、情、意、行的培养和提高过程,其实施顺序是()。
在西方教育史上,最先提出“人道”教育思想的是()。
设随机变量X的概率密度为fX(x)=,求y=eX的概率密度fY(y).
在考生文件夹下打开excel.xlsx文件:将Sheetl工作表的A1:D1单元格合并为一个单元格,内容水平居中;计算职工的平均工资置C13单元格内(数值型,保留小数点后1位);计算学历为博士、硕士和本科的人数,置于F5:F7单元格区域(利用COUNT
What’stheaverageincreaseperyearofforeignstudentpopulationintheperiodbetween1985and1990intermsofpercentage?
Heavierpeoplearemorelikelytobekilledorseriouslyinjuredincaraccidentsthanlighterpeople,accordingtonewresearch
最新回复
(
0
)