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  3. The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. Current interest in【C1】__

The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. Current interest in【C1】__

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问题     The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. Current interest in【C1】______between music and intelligence stems from two independent areas of research. One focuses on short-term effects of【C2】______listening to music. The other is on a seperate【C3】______of research, which examines whether music lessons have【C4】______benefits that extend to non-musical areas of cognition. Such【C5】______could be unique to children who take music lessons for long periods of time【C6】______their experiences differ substantially from those of other children. Music lessons【C7】______long periods of focused attention, memorization of【C8】______ musical passages, learning about a variety of musical structures, and 【C9】______mastery of technical skills and the conventions【C10】______the expression of emotions in performance. This【C11】______of experiences could have a positive impact on cognition, particularly during the childhood years, when brain development is highly【C12】______and sensitive to environmental influence.
    Previous findings are【C13】______with the hypothesis that music lessons promote intellectual development. For example, natural musical gifts is associated with literacy.【C14】______ , correlational and experimental studies 【C15】______that music lessons have positive relations with verbal memory, reading ability, selective attention, and mathematics achievement.【C16】______, the simplest explanation of these【C17】______relations is that they come from a common component, such as general intelligence. Put simply, children【C18】______high IQs are more likely than other children to take music lessons. To conclude that music lessons have a casual relation with IQ that is【C19】______to music, one must rule【C20】______potentially confusing factors such as socioeconomic status, and education, and demonstrate that non-musical, extracurricular activities do not have comparable effects on IQ.
【C17】
选项 A、diffuse
B、fragmentary
C、universal
D、comprehensive
答案A
解析 考查上下文语义。空格处填入的形容词修饰relations，指上句提到的音乐学习与词汇记忆、阅读能力等的联系。因此所填入形容词要既能概况出上文这些联系的一种特点，又能与下文的“common”形成语义上的对应。A．diffuse意为“分散的，不集中的”，代入文中，表示“对这些分散的联系最简单的解释是它们有共同的来源”，符合文意。fragmentary“不完整的，残缺的”；universal“普遍的，通用的”；comprehensive“全面的，综合性的”，均不符合文意。
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