2. 外语
  3. Judging from tales about the rise and fall of empires, there is always a point when things are going so well that the emperors d

Judging from tales about the rise and fall of empires, there is always a point when things are going so well that the emperors d

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问题    Judging from tales about the rise and fall of empires, there is always a point when things are going so well that the emperors doubt that anything could ever go wrong. "Thrift," warned Nero’s adviser Seneca, "comes too late when you find it at the bottom of your purse. " In the Old World, nations grew fat and then lazy, until they collapsed under their own weight. But that was not to be our story. American greatness—the vision of the founders, the courage of the pioneers, the industry of the nation builders—reflected a mighty faith in the power of sacrifice as a muscle that made young nations strong. Banks were like gyms for the soul: the first savings banks in Boston and New York were organized as charities, where "bumble journeymen" could exercise good judgment, store their money and not be tempted to waste it on drink. Architect Louis Sullivan carved the word THRIFT over the door of his "jewel box" bank nearly a century ago, for it was private virtue that made public prosperity possible.
   That virtue died with the baby boom, but it had been ailing ever since the Depression, argues cultural historian David Tucker in the Decline of Thrift in America. That crisis, he writes, invited economists to recast thrift as "the contemptible vice which threw sand in the gears of our consumer economy. " A White House report in 1931 urged parents to let children pick out their own clothes and furniture, thereby creating in the child "a sense of personal as well as family pride in ownership, and eventually teaching him that his personality can be expressed through things. "
   Somewhere along the way, thrift did not just stop being a value; it became a folly. Saving was for suckers; you’d miss the ride, die leaving money on the table when you could have lived it up. There are no pockets in a shroud, as the saying goes. We once saved about 15% of our income. By the roaring 80s the rate was 4%; now we’re in negative numbers. Bob Hope liked to joke that "a bank is a place that will lend you money if you can prove that you don’t need it. " But that too changed as easy credit bloomed and usury became another of those vices that had somehow lost its juice. The average American has nine credit cards with a total $17, 000 balance. We borrow against our houses and pensions to live in a way that dares us to actually grow old. "Never invest in any idea you can’t illustrate with a crayon. " Fidelity mastermind Peter Lynch advised, but we embraced all kinds of investments about which we understood nothing except the hollow promise that they would never fail. When the economy began to swoon we kept spending, effectively sending ourselves rebate checks from accounts already way overdrawn, as if it would make us feel better to buy a new TV and charge it to our kids.
   George W. Bush has never been reluctant to frame policy debates in moral terms, targeting an "axis of evil", casting tax cuts as the removal of unfair burdens on hardworking people, calling tariff reduction a moral imperative. But thrift is one virtue he never invokes, and a restoration of restraint is a strain of conservatism he seldom promotes. In fact, it was after the most tragic day in modern U.S. history, when Bush urged people who wanted to help to go shopping, that profligacy officially replaced prudence as a patriotic duty.
   There’s no way to tell during this cun’ent distress whether we’re repenting or just retrenching. Thriftstore sales are up. Cats are shrinking. P. Diddy retired his private jet to save on gas. In hard times, people often rediscover the peace that prudence brings, when you try to spend a little less than you have because tomorrow might be worse.  But that feels almost un-American; we’re optimists by nature, and we’ve been living large for so long that solvency feels like a sacrifice. It will take some sustained character education—and leadership—to understand that morning in America is more likely to come again if we prepare for midnight.
According to the passage, which of the following statement is CORRECT?
选项 A、Some Americans save because they want to enjoy themselves.
B、Americans tend to be in debt because of over spending.
C、President Bush often puts emphasis on moral.
D、Thrift is believed as an act of patriotism in America.
答案B
解析 细节题。由第三段前三句可以看出，美国人确实希望享受生活，但他们认为享受生活的方 式是live it up，即过豪华奢侈的生活。还有谚语云：寿衣没有钱兜。他们提倡花钱而不是存钱，认为存钱是愚蠢的事，排除[A]；第四段的首句大意为布什喜欢在政治辩论中使用道德术语，而并不是他重视道德，排除[C]；第四段最后一句所表达的是在美国当代历史上最悲惨的那一天，布什敦促想帮助国家的人去购物，此后挥霍就正式地取代节俭成为了爱国者的责任。所以挥霍被普遍认为是一种爱国行动，而不是节俭，排除[D]；从第四段的第四、五句中我们可知，美国人通常的消费方式是支出大于收入，他们甚至认为不负债就是一种节俭。由此可见，美国人通常都是负债的，答案为[B]。  
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