首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
To conduct some forms of sleep research, we have to find a way to track sleepiness over the day. Some people might believe that
To conduct some forms of sleep research, we have to find a way to track sleepiness over the day. Some people might believe that
admin
2015-09-25
104
问题
To conduct some forms of sleep research, we have to find a way to track sleepiness over the day. Some people might believe that measuring sleepiness is a fairly trivial task. Couldn’t you, for instance, simply count the number of times a person yawns during any given hour or so?
In most people’s minds, yawning—that slow, exaggerated mouth opening with the long, deep inhalation of air, followed by a briefer exhalation—is the most obvious sign of sleepiness. It is a common behavior shared by many animals, including our pet dogs and cats but also crocodiles, snakes, birds, and even some fishes. It is certainly true that sleepy people tend to yawn more than wide-awake people. It is also true that people who say they are bored by what is happening at the moment will tend to yawn more frequently. However, whether yawning is a sign that you are getting ready for sleep or that you are successfully fighting off sleep is not known. Simply stretching your body, as you might do if you have been siring in the same position for a long period of time, will often trigger a yawn.
Unfortunately, yawns don’t just indicate sleepiness. In some animals, yawning is a sign of stress. When a dog trainer sees a dog yawning in a dog obedience class, it is usually a sign that the animal is under a good deal of pressure. Perhaps the handler is pushing too hard or moving too fast for the dog to feel in control of the situation. A moment or two of play and then turning to another activity is usually enough to banish yawning for quite a while.
Yawning can also be a sign of stress in humans. Once, when observing airborne troops about to take their first parachute jump, I noticed that several of the soldiers were sitting in the plane and yawning. It was 10 A. M. , just after a coffee break, and I doubted that they were tired; I knew for a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. When I asked about this, the officer in charge laughed and said it was really quite a common behavior, especially on the first jump.
There is also a social aspect to yawning. Psychologists have placed actors in crowded rooms and auditoriums and had them deliberately yawn. Within moments, there is usually an increase in yawning by everyone else in the room. Similarly, people who watch films or videos of others yawning are more likely to yawn. Even just reading about yawning tends to stimulate people to yawn.
The truth of the matter is that we really don’t know what purpose yawning serves. Scientists originally thought that the purpose of yawning was to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood or to release some accumulated carbon dioxide. We now know that this is not true, since increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air seems not to make people more likely to yawn but to make them breathe faster to try to bring in more oxygen. On the other hand, breathing 100 percent pure oxygen does not seem to reduce the likelihood of yawning.
Since yawning seems to be associated with a lot more than the need for sleep, we obviously have to find some odier measure of sleepiness. Some researchers have simply tried to ask people how sleepy they feel at any time using some sort of self-rating scale. There are, however, problems with getting people to make these types of judgments. Sometimes people simply lie to the researchers when asked about how sleepy they are. This occurs because in many areas of society admitting that one is fatigued and sleepy is considered a mark of weakness or lack of ambition and drive. In odier instances, people may admit they need four cups of coffee to make it through the morning, but it may never occur to them that this might be due to the fact that they are so sleepy that they need stimulation from caffeine to be able to do their required tasks. For these reasons, many researchers have developed an alternate method to determine how sleepy a person is. It is based upon a simple definition of sleep need: The greater your sleep need, or the sleepier you are, the faster you will fall asleep if given the opportunity to do so.
The passage as a whole is best characterized as______.
选项
A、informative
B、confessional
C、philosophical
D、argumentative
答案
A
解析
观点态度题。informative“教育性的”;confessional“忏悔的”;philosophical“哲学的”;argumentative“争辩的”。文章为一篇议论文,文中论及对于别人观点的反驳,但总体看来还是一篇以普及教育为主的文章,文章中的反驳是为作者叙述而服务,并非针锋相对的辩论,故A更为合适。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/nOLO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonIn
Obviously,thepercapitaincomeofacountrydependsonmanythings,andanystatisticaltestthatdoesnottakeaccountofall
Anewbiotechnologyprocedurethatcouldbecomecommerciallyavailableinaslittleastwotofouryearsis"transgenesis",whic
Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,
Mostofustellonetwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausetheliesw
Forgetfootball.Atmanyhighschools,thefiercestcompetitionisbetweenCokeandPepsioverexclusive"pouringrights"tosel
ThegeologyoftheEarth’ssurfaceisdominatedbytheparticularpropertiesofwater.PresentonEarthinsolid,liquid,andgase
(北京大学2006年试题)LastyearFrenchdriverskilled【1】than5,000peopleontheroadsforthefirsttimeindecades.Creditgoesla
(浙江大学2010年试题)ThecharacterofEuropeaneducationdemandsthatthestudentdevelop【1】andsocialindividuality.TheAmerican
Despitethefactthattodayvirusareknowntocausecancerinanimalsandinplants,thereexistsagreatreluctancetoaccept
随机试题
变压器各主要参数是什么?
50kg体重的正常人的体液与血量分别为()
“系统的功能不是各个要素简单的叠加,而是大于各个个体的功效之和”描述的是系统的
A.手之阳经与手之阴经B.手之阳经与足之阳经C.手之阴经与足之阴经D.足之阳经与足之阴经E.手之阳经与足之阴经
有内在拟交感活性的B受体阻滞剂是
冰箱:肉类:蔬菜
开头部分加点的“它”所指代的是哪一项:“强子也有结构”,强子结构是由:
分组交换可以采用虚电路方式或(26)方式实现。虚电路方式在通信前需建立一条虚电路,其路径由(27)决定。每条虚电路都有虚电路号码,该号码(28)。虚电路建立后,各数据分组(29)到达目的地,然后(30)。
“先工作后判断”的循环程序结构中,循环体执行的次数最少是( )次。
在考生文件夹下,打开文档word1.docx,按照要求完成下列操作并以该文件名(word1.docx)保存文档。【文档开始】赵州桥在河北省赵县有一座世界闻名的石拱桥,叫赵州桥,又叫安济桥。它是隋朝的石匠李春设计并参加建造的,到现在已经有1300多年了
最新回复
(
0
)