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  3. Immigration poses two main challenges for the rich world’s governments. One is how to manage the inflow of migrants; the other,

Immigration poses two main challenges for the rich world’s governments. One is how to manage the inflow of migrants; the other,

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问题     Immigration poses two main challenges for the rich world’s governments. One is how to manage the inflow of migrants; the other, how to integrate those who are already there.
    Whom, for example, to allow in? Already, many governments have realized that the market for top talent is global and competitive. Led by Canada and Australia, they are redesigning migration policies not just to admit, but actively to attract highly skilled immigrants. Germany, for instance, tentatively introduced a green card of its own several years ago for information-technology staff.
    Whereas the case for attracting the highly skilled is fast becoming conventional wisdom, a thornier issue is what to do about the unskilled. Because the difference in earnings is greatest in this sector, migration of the unskilled delivers the largest global economic gains. Moreover, wealthy, well-educated, ageing economies create lots of jobs for which their own workers have little appetite.
    So immigrants tend to cluster at the upper and lower ends of the skill spectrum. Immigrants either have university degrees or no high-school education. Mr. Smith’s survey makes the point: Among immigrants to America, the proportion with a postgraduate education, at 21%, is almost three times as high as in the native population; equally, the proportion with less than nine years of schooling, at 20%, is more than three times as high as that of the native-born.
    All this means that some immigrants do far better than others. The unskilled are the problem. Research by George Borjas, a Harvard University professor whose parents were unskilled Cuban immigrants, has drawn attention to the fact that the unskilled account for a growing proportion of America’s foreign-born. Newcomers without high-school education not only drag down the wages of the poorest Americans; their children are also disproportionately likely to fail at school.
    These youngsters are there to stay. "The toothpaste is out of the tube," says Mark Krikorian, executive director of the Centre for Immigration Studies. And their numbers will grow. Because the rich world’s women spurn motherhood, immigrants give birth to many of the rich world’s babies. Foreign mothers account for one birth in five in Switzerland and one in eight in Germany and Britain. If these children grow up underprivileged and undereducated, they will create a new underclass that may take many years to emerge from poverty.
    For Europe, immigration creates particular problems. Europe needs it even more than the United States because the continent is ageing faster than any other region. Immigration is not a permanent cure(immigrants grow old too), but it will buy time. And migration can "grease the wheels" of Europe’s sclerotic labour markets, argues Tito Boeri in a report published in July. However, thanks to the generosity of Europe’s welfare states, migration is also a sort of tax on immobile labour. And the more immobile Europeans are—the older, the less educated—the more xenophobic they are too.
By saying "The toothpaste is out of the tube", the author probably means that
选项 A、the unskilled immigrants have already been here and will certainly not return.
B、the unskilled immigrants have dragged down wages and will continue to do so.
C、children of unskilled immigrants have done poorly in school and will likely to drop out soon.
D、the younger generation of unskilled immigrants will see their numbers grow.
答案D
解析 作者说The toothpaste is out of the tube这句话，要表达的意思可能是[A]没有技能的移民已经存在，并且他们肯定不会回国。[B]没有技能的移民拉低了工资水平，这一现象还将持续。[C]没有技能的移民的孩子在学校里表现很差，而且很有可能很快会辍学。[D]没有技能的移民的下一代人数将会增长。从上一题分析可知，没有技能的移民已有了后代，他们将一直存在且数量会不断增加。因此他们就像“已挤出来的牙膏”，一旦出来，只会越来越多，而不会缩回去，这与[D]一致。
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