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  3. Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or d

Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or d

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问题    Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or disappointed? It【C1】______that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and 【C2】______. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as【C3】______by Charles Darwin in his work about evolution in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have 【C4】______ value. 【C5】______, facial expressions could 【C6】______ the approach of enemies (or friends) in the 【C7】______ of language.
   Most investigators agree that certain facial expressions suggest the 【C8】______ emotions in people from different cultures. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions【C9】______by the facial expressions. In classic research, Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to【C10】______what emotions were being depicted in them. All groups, who had almost no【C11】______with Western culture, agreed【C12】______the portrayed emotions. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study often cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions.
   Psychological researchers【C13】______recognize that facial expressions【C14】______emotional states.【C15】______, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues,【C16】______, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can【C17】______work in the【C18】______direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial feedback are【C19】______back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can【C20】______that person’ s emotional state. Consider Darwin’ s words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?
【C13】
选项 A、generally
B、obviously
C、incidentally
D、presumably
答案A
解析 本句意为“心理研究者______认为”。根据上下文，本句是对前面一系列分析的总结，只有generally符合题意。obviously“显而易见地”、incidentally“偶然地”和presumably“很可能”均与题意不符。
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