2. 外语
  3. Having a larger assortment to choose from increases consumers’ expectations about matching their preferences. The heightened exp

Having a larger assortment to choose from increases consumers’ expectations about matching their preferences. The heightened exp

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问题     Having a larger assortment to choose from increases consumers’ expectations about matching their preferences. The heightened expectations seem logical, since assortments containing more or more varied items should increase the degree to which preferences can be matched. In practice, however, as assortment size increases, the degree to which consumers realize better preference matches often rises relatively little. Larger assortments may not actually offer more variety, the market may simply not supply an envisioned offering, or in the absence of sophisticated search tools, consumers may miss a better preference match even if it is available. Therefore, larger assortments can increase the likelihood that expectations will not be met, leaving consumers less satisfied with options chosen from larger rather than smaller assortments.
Which of the following best describes the function of the first sentence in the author’s argument as a whole?
选项 A、It states a premise on which the author’s conclusion is based
B、It provides information to support the inference made in the following sentence
C、It introduces a concept that the author proves is illogical
D、It summarizes a position that the author proceeds to dispute
E、It presents the phenomenon the argument is intended to explain
答案A
解析 这道题比较难，很多考生会认为既然第三句出现了however，那么这句话的功能肯定是被后文反驳，因此会错选成选项C或者选项D。这就是没明白本文的论证过程。第一句的功能其实是本文的基本前提：可选择的种类越多，消费者的喜好被满足的期望值就会越高。第二句是对这一前提的解释：因为可供选择的商品种类多了，消费者的喜好当然更容易被满足。前两句都是从理论上进行论证，因此是logical的，所以这道题排除选项C。同时可以看出，第二句是用来支持第一句的，而不是第一句支持第二句，所以排除选项B。第三句的however其实是把理论拉回到现实中。现实中，品类越多，消费者的喜好被匹配的概率反而降低。注意，在这里第一句并没有被反驳，第一句只是说人们的“期待值”会升高，而现实状况中，期待值确实是升高了，但是这种期待值被“满足”或“匹配”的概率是降低的，因为消费者可能得不到他们想要的东西。第四句是结论，消费者的期待被满足的概率下降，进而满意度下降。综上，作者的论证过程是：种类↑→期待↑→事实上喜好被满足的概率↓→满意度↓。故第一句是作者最终结论的前提条件，选项A正确，选项D错误。而第一句也并非现象，因为第一句只是理论，所以选项E也错误。
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本试题收录于： GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
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