首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune
admin
2018-02-17
67
问题
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and non-self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non-self molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders. Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body’s immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a non-self molecule, the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies passed during lactation, this so-called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non-self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non-self invader.
Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen. Antigens are not to be confused with allergens, which are most often harmless substances ( such as ragweed pollen or cat hair) that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, a parasite, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual ( except an identical twin, whose cells carry identical selfmarkers) also act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, non-antigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes, which protrude from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface; some may even carry several hundred. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non-self and execute a misdirected immune attack. The result can be a so-called autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosis. The painful side effects of these diseases are caused by a person’s immune system actually attacking itself.
What is the analogy used to describe the communications network among the cells in the immune system?
选项
A、The immune system’s memory.
B、Immune troops eliminating intruders.
C、Bees swarming around a hive.
D、A sea of microbes.
答案
C
解析
细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段第三句。该句大意为,这些细胞组成集合和子集,像成群结队的蜜蜂聚在蜂巢周围一样传达和接收信息。因此,可以判断正确答案是[C]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/njBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
SuccessandPersistenceWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethe
BytheendoftheMiddleAgesthetechnologicalsystemscalledcitieshadlongsincebecomeacentralfeatureofWesternlife.I
Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefinedandleasteffectivel
Relativitytheoryhashadaprofoundinfluenceonourpictureofmatterbyforcingustomodifyourconceptofaparticleinan
Relativitytheoryhashadaprofoundinfluenceonourpictureofmatterbyforcingustomodifyourconceptofaparticleinan
Whatsortofglassyoudrinkfrompredictshowfastyoudrink."Wouldyoulikethatinastraightorajug,sir?"wasonceacom
Whatsortofglassyoudrinkfrompredictshowfastyoudrink."Wouldyoulikethatinastraightorajug,sir?"wasonceacom
Itusedtobesostraightforward(直接的).Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsofthe
Itusedtobesostraightforward(直接的).Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsofthe
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirres
随机试题
粘土岩类生油层主要包括()。
下列演替类型中不属于按演替进程时间长短分类的是()
男,30岁,低热、盗汗、咳嗽、血痰1个月。X线胸片示右上肺小片状浸润阴影,密度不均。确诊应选择的检查是
采用K=115快速响应扩展覆盖喷头的自动喷水灭火系统,同一配水支管上喷头的最大间距和相邻配水支管的最大间距,矩形布置时长边不应大于()。
下列金融市场类型中,能够为企业提供中长期资金来源的有()。
美术课程将义务教育阶段的美术学习分为四个学段的依据是()。
如果A和B是_______,A商品价格上升会导致B商品需求曲线________。()(浙江财经学院,2011)
SNMP协议可以使用多种下层协议传输消息,下面______不是SNMP可以使用的下层协议。
Anine-year-oldschoolgirlsinglehandedlycooksupasciencefairexperimentthatendsupdebunkingawidelypracticedmedical
A、Atschool.B、Fromtheirparents.C、Frombooks.D、Infactories.B
最新回复
(
0
)