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  3. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start s

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start s

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问题    Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they Can speak, though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making questioning noises.
   Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arisen so to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
   It is a problem we need not get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular ,situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use,at say seven months, of "mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes.
   Playful and apparently meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however; whether anything is gained when parents cash in on this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds. (370w)  
Children who start speaking late ______.
选项 A、may have problems with their hearing
B、usually pay close attention to what they hear
C、often take a long time in learning to listen properly
D、probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
答案C
解析  该短文第一段第一句认为，Language learning begins with listening。即听是语言学习的基础，接下来的第2句就说，late starters are often long listeners(学说话迟的儿童，往往学听话的时间也长)。解答此题的关键是理解long listeners的含义。根据说话迟的儿童应该是在习得听的技能时需要的时间长，因此答案选C。其他三项均非对long listeners的确切含义进行解释。由此可见该题属于词义解释题。
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