首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
【F1】The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, ass
【F1】The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, ass
admin
2016-03-22
21
问题
【F1】
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision.
【F2】
Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.【F3】
Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.
Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.【F4】
Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking-acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
【F5】
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.
They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking-acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
【F2】
选项
答案
相反,在这些人的曰常决策过程中,他们靠一种定义模糊的直觉应付大量相关问题,这些问题使他们必须在一堆含糊不清、自相矛盾、奇特无比或者令人惊异的事物中做抉择,而且在考虑过程中就要有相应的行动。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/npsZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Youprobablyalreadyknowthataviselikepressureinthechestisthemostcommonphysicalsignofaheartattack.Youmayeven
Weareallseeingratherlessofthesun.Scientistslookingatfivedecadesofsunlightmeasurementshavereachedthedisturbin
TherearedinosaursinabundancealongDorsetandEastDevon’sspectacularJurassicCoast.Frequentlyproclaimedas"walkingwit
Oneofthedifferencesbetweenanimalsandmachinesisthatanimalbodiescanrepairmuchofthedamagethatacruelandhostile
[A]Whyreadingfallsintodecline?[B]Readingisrelatedtonationalpolitics[C]Readingisastimulatingexperience[D]Reading
Thereisnosatisfactoryexplanationofstyle,noinfallibleguidetogoodwriting,noassurancethatapersonwhothinksclearl
Parents’Expectation,Children’sBurden父母的期望,孩子的负担Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,yousho
PresidentBarackObamaclaimedprogressWednesdayinhissecond-termdrivetocombatclimatechangebutsaidmoremustbedonet
"Poverty",wroteAristotle,"istheparentofcrime."Butwasheright?Certainly,povertyandcrimeare【C1】______.Andtheidea
"Poverty",wroteAristotle,"istheparentofcrime."Butwasheright?Certainly,povertyandcrimeare【C1】______.Andtheidea
随机试题
联系实际说明艺术风格、艺术流派、艺术思潮的相互联系与区别。
下列选项中,不属于甲减临床表现的是
间歇性便后滴鲜血,痔不脱出肛门外痔脱出不能自行还纳
下列对比剂中属非离子型对比剂的是
对设计投标书进行评审时,设计方案评审的内容包括()。
热力管道采用中支架敷设时,其管道保温层外壳距地面的净高一般为( )m。
国家统计局每年发布的统计公报运用许多重要统计指标和数据反映一年来国民经济和社会发展状况。试根据以下提示的公报内容进行分析和判断,并在备选项中选出正确答案。(1)初步核算,2008年现价GDP为300670亿元,比上年增加43364亿元,实际增长9.0%。
已缴纳车辆购置税的车辆,发生的下列情形中,准予纳税人申请退税的有()。
《行政处罚法》规定,除非法律有特别规定,当事人逾期不履行行政处罚决定的,处罚机关可以()。
以下有关世界气候的表述,不正确的是:
最新回复
(
0
)