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  3. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

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问题     Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】______ burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】______ retirement could help.
    Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】______ one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______ reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】______ of those in work for their income. The【C6】______ is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】______ life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】______ size. Public pension payments, which afford 30% ~ 80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】______ to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】______ is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】______ for.
    Action is needed,【C12】______ simply aiming to reduce the【C13】______ (and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C14】______ the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】______ to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】______ early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】______ and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】______ persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______ and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______ rate should rise anew.
【C19】
选项 A、turbulent
B、strenuous
C、compact
D、intricate
答案B
解析 形容词辨析。空格处填入的形容词在句子中做表语，说明“现在的工作在生理上(physically)不如以前……”。由上文Surely，the thinking goes可知空格所在句子是上一句“政府考虑说服人们晚退休”的理由。A项turbulent“(海、气候等)狂暴的；(时代)动荡不安的”一般不与job搭配；而C项compact“紧密的，密集的；(身体)紧绷绷的”和D项intricate“错综复杂的，难以理解的”一般不用于从生理上说明工作的性质。只有B项strenuous“(工作等)需要极端努力的，费劲的”，既能从生理上说明job的性质，又可解释原因。
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