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  3. Researchers, writing in the journal Heart, pooled data from 23 studies and found that social isolation or feelings of loneliness

Researchers, writing in the journal Heart, pooled data from 23 studies and found that social isolation or feelings of loneliness

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问题     Researchers, writing in the journal Heart, pooled data from 23 studies and found that social isolation or feelings of loneliness were tied to an increased risk for coronary heart disease (冠心病 ) and strokes.
    The studies included data from 181,006 men and women ages 18 and over. There were 4,628 coronary events and 3,002 strokes in follow-up periods     【C1】________from three to 21 years. Three of the papers【C2】________ loneliness, 18 looked at social isolation and two included both. Social isolation and loneliness were determined with questionnaires; the researchers depended on medical records and death【C3】________for determining coronary events and strokes.
    The scientists found that loneliness and social isolation increased the     【C4】________risk of having a heart attack or a death from heart disease by 29 percent, and the risk of stroke by 32 percent. There were no【C5】________between men and women.
    "People have tended to focus from a policy point of view on【C6】________     lonely people to make them more【C7】________," said the lead author, Nicole K. Valtorta, a research fellow at the University of York in England. "Our study【C8】________that if this is a risk factor, then we should be trying to prevent the risk factor in the first place."
    The authors【C9】________that this was a review of observational studies and did not【C10】________cause and effect.
    A) acknowledge    E) differences    I) narrow     M) relative
    B) certificates   F) establish      J) permanent  N) submitting
    C) connected      G) formats        K) produces   O) targeting
    D) demonstrates   H) measured       L) ranging
【C4】
选项
答案M
解析 空格位于定冠词the和名词risk之间，因此空格处考虑填入定语修饰risk。根据文章第1段可知，科学家研究的是“社交孤立或孤独与冠心病和中风患病的风险增加”的关系，故空格填入表示loneliness and social isolation“孤独和社交孤立”与having a heart attack or a death from heart disease“心脏病发作或死于心脏病”相关的词。代入形容词relative“相对的”，the relative risk意为“相对危险度”符合此处语境，故选M。[“相对危险度”也称为“危险度比”，是暴露组的危险度(测量指标是累积发病率)与对照组的危险度之比。]
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大学英语四级

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