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  3. A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional w

A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional w

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问题 A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition
from a study environment to managerial or professional work. In the
humanities and social sciences, you will at best reuse only a fraction of the
material being covered in three or four years’ study.  In most career paths,【M1】________
academic knowledge only forms a background to much more applied
decision-making. Even with a "training" form of degree, only a few of the
procedures or methods practiced in your studies are likely to continuously【M2】________
relevant in your work.  Partly that reflects the greater specialization of most【M3】________
work tasks compared with studying. Many graduates are not content with
the loss of variety involved in transmitting from degree study in at least four【M4】________
or five subjects a year to very standardized job demands. Academic work
values single inventiveness, originality,  and the cultivation of a different【M5】________
"style" as an index of self-realization and self-development. Emphasis has【M6】________
placed on generating new ideas and knowledge, assembling  inadequate【M7】________
information to make a "rational" decision, appreciating basic concepts and
theories, and involved in fundamental controversies and debate. The【M8】________
humanistic values of higher education encourage the feeling of being
engaged in a process with a self-development rhythm.  With contrast, even【M9】________
if your employers pursue enlightened personnel development policies and
invest little in "human capital"—for example, by rotating graduate trainees【M10】________
to vary their work experiences—you are still likely to notice and feel sorry
about some major restrictions of your interests and activities compared with
a study environment.
【M4】
选项
答案transmitting → transferring
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