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  3. Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else:

Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else:

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问题     Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.
    Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.
    After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives. " Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."
    European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board(IASB)do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real world" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.
    It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.
    To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.
The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of______.
选项 A、satisfaction
B、skepticism
C、objectiveness
D、sympathy
答案D
解析 态度题。整文讲述银行界对规定的敌对态度，但作者肯定这样规定的必要性，体现在最后一段“Successful markets require independent and even combative standard—setters．The FASB and IASB have been exactly that，cleaning up rules on stock options andpensions”成功的市场需要独立实施有力的规定。表明作者对标准的制定者是赞同的。同时面对银行家的咄咄逼人的态势，以及标准的制定者所面临的压力，作者又对他们表示同情。
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