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  3. There’s nothing simple about gun control, a tangle of legal, political and public-health issues complicated by cultural preferen

There’s nothing simple about gun control, a tangle of legal, political and public-health issues complicated by cultural preferen

admin2018-06-06  56
问题     There’s nothing simple about gun control, a tangle of legal, political and public-health issues complicated by cultural preferences and regional biases. Passions run high on all sides. Lifelong hunters who grew up with firearms, urban victims of gun violence, Second Amendment scholars, NRA lobbyists , chiefs of police—they’ve all got cases to make and they make them well, often contentiously.
    For the past 15 years, much of the debate has centered on the effectiveness of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, the federal gun-control bill that was passed in 1993. Critics say the focus on law abiding gun buyers doesn’t address the real issue—bad guys who acquire their weapons illegally. Supporters say that the bill stops thousands of illegal gun purchases and deters crime and violence. Now medical research has come to the rescue, sifting through the data to figure out which legal measures work best to reduce firearm suicides and homicides.
    In a paper published in the May issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Steven Sumner, a third-year med student and Dr. Peter Layde, co-director of the Injury Research Center at the Medical College of Wisconsin, found that local background checks, which are optional and used by just a handful of states, were more effective than the federal background checks mandated by the Brady law. The report compared the homicide and suicide rates in states that perform only federal checks with states that do state-level checks and those that perform local-level checks. The local-level checks were associated with a 27 percent lower firearm suicide rate and a 22 percent lower homicide rate among adults 21 and older, the legal age to purchase a gun.
    Why are local checks so much better? "We hypothesize that it’s due to access to additional information that’s not available at the federal checks." says Layde, "particularly related to mental-health issues and domestic-violence issues." All 50 states use the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), the minimum-required under Brady, while 17 states also perform state-level checks and 12 do additional local-level checks.
    "This is the first study that’s looked at this issue." says Layde. "If the magnitude of impact we found were in fact to apply to all 50 states, you would expect a very substantial reduction in suicides and homicides linked to firearms, many thousands." However, background checks can be both an administrative and a cost burden for strapped and stretched local authorities. There is another way to get the same results: improve the flow of local information to the MCS databases. "In an ideal world," says Layde, "you might not have to have the local agencies involved if you just reliably got all the data they had up to the federal level."
We learn from the second paragraph that the Brady Act ______.
选项 A、is not effective in deterring violence and crimes
B、imposes very strict restrictions on gun purchase
C、actually encourages more law-violating guys to acquire guns
D、is more effective in preventing firearm suicide than homicide
答案B
解析 推理题。第二段提到：反对布莱迪法的人说它管得住好人，管不住坏人；支持者说它阻止了非法购买枪支，对犯罪和暴力起到了抑制作用。可见，无论从反对者的角度还是从支持者的角度来看，布莱迪法都起到了限制枪械购买的作用。反对者只是认为该法案没能有效地限制那些坏人非法购买枪支。这只是他们的观点，不一定是事实，因此选项A项是错误的。另外，选项B项之所以正确，是因为它并没有说这项法案有力地制止了犯罪，而是说它对枪械的购买起到了限制作用。
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