首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the early 1950s,historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1
In the early 1950s,historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1
admin
2010-06-30
24
问题
In the early 1950s,historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or3 per cent who comprised the political and social elite’ the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. One difficulty, however, was that few of the remaining 97 percent recorded their thoughts or had them chronicled by contemporaries. Faced with this situation, many historians based their investigations on the only records that seemed to exist: birth, marriage, and death records. As a result, much of the early work on the non-elite was aridly statistical in nature; reducing the vast majority of the population to a set of numbers was hardly more enlightening than ignoring them altogether. Historians still did not know what these people thought or felt.
One way out of this dilemma was to turn to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as" a point of entry into the mental world of the poor. "Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illustrated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. It has been societies that have had a developed police system and practiced Roman law, with its written depositions, whose court records have yielded the most data to historians. In Anglo-Saxon countries hardly any of these benefits obtain, but it has still been possible to glean information from the study of legal documents.
The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study pre-industrial Europe have used the records to establish a series of categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. This use of the re cords does yield some information about the non-elite, but this information gives us little insight into the mental lives of the non-elite. We also know that the number of indictments in pre-industrial Europe bears little relation to the number of actual criminal acts, and we strongly suspect that the relationship has varied widely over time. In addition, aggregate population estimates are very shaky, which makes it difficult for historians to compare rates of crime per thousand in one decade of the pre-industrial period with rates in another decade. Given these inadequacies, it is clear why the case history Use of court records is to be preferred.
The difficulty of lack of materials for researching on the 97% population was solved by
选项
A、finding new historical recordings.
B、using their birth, marriage, and death records.
C、using the records of legal courts.
D、getting information from old people.
答案
C
解析
文章第一段指出了研究97%的人口所面临的困难,第二段第一句指出为了解决缺乏资料的困难,历史学者们开始考察过去的庭审记录,因为这里包括了证人、原告和被告这些普通人的言词,从这些言词可以进入到这些普通人的思想世界的深处。A和D文章未提及。B是以前对占人口2%--3%的王宫贵族研究时用的方法。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/oFJd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Somedoctorsaretakinganunusualnewapproachtocommunicatebetterwithpatients—theyareletting【C1】______readthenotestha
Somedoctorsaretakinganunusualnewapproachtocommunicatebetterwithpatients—theyareletting【C1】______readthenotestha
AnswerQuestions71to80byreferringtothefollowingfourarticlesconcerningmentalillness.Answereachquestionbychoosin
betterthanothers
Whatroledomostpeopleinthemanufacturingtradesplay?
Itisalmost15yearssinceIfirsttestedamobilephone.IwascoveringtheLiveAidconcertatWembleyanditwasafiasco.M
"Howareyoukeeping?""Look(31)______yourself.""GoodHealth.""Here’syourhealth.""Health,wealthandhappiness.""If
Periodicallyinhistory,therecomeperiodsofgreattransitioninwhichworkchangesitsmeaning.Therewasatime,perhaps10,
Themostobviouspurposeofadvertisingistoinformtheconsumerofavailableproductsorservices.Thesecond【C1】______istos
Inpopulardiscussionsofemissions-rightstradingsystems,itiscommontomistakethesmokestacksforthetrees.Forexample,
随机试题
Itisquitenecessaryfora(n)______teachertohavegoodmannersandextensiveknowledge.
人民法院按到甲公司诉前财产保全的申请后,应当在多少小时内审查?()
某省跨海大桥项目,在招标文件中明确规定提交投标文件截止时间为2009年3月8日上午8时30分,开标地点为建设单位十一楼大会议室。有甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五家单位参与投标,根据招标投标法的有关规定,下列说法正确的是()。
期货公司借人次级债务的,可以按照规定计入净资本,并在相关事项完成后()个工作日内向住所地中国证监会派出机构报告。
《招股意向书》是缺少发行价格和数量的《招股说明书》。()
员工普遍认同并自觉遵循的一系列理念和行为方式的总和,就是企业文化。()
你认为刑事赔偿工作的难点在哪里?有什么办法来解决?
每个人的生命只有一次,即使在人生的道路上,事业、前途、爱情、家庭都如泡沫一样破灭了,也不必悲观,不要绝望。要知道,生存本身就是一种资本,一种幸运。一种对不公命运勇敢的挑战。感谢生命,赋予我像杨絮一样纯洁而质朴,异常珍贵而不懈追求的存在。作者要表达的观点是
以下项目的招投标过程中,(42)的做法是正确的。
A、$615.B、$450.C、$1,150.D、$4,000.C①选项都是价钱,可知本题问某个东西的价钱,注意记录相关信息。②根据男士所说,该音响系统(stereosystem)的价钱是C项$1,150。A项$615是公寓每月的租金,B项$45
最新回复
(
0
)